328 THE LAW OF EVOLUTION. 



integrations that arise when, out of several places producing 

 a particular commodity, one monopolizing more and more of 

 the business, draws to it masters and workers, and leaves 

 the other places to dwindle; as witness the growth of the 

 Yorkshire cloth-districts at the expense of those in the West 

 of England; or the absorption by Staffordshire of the pot- 

 tery-manufacture, and the consequent decay of the estab- 

 lishments that once flourished at Derby and elsewhere. 

 We have those more special integrations that arise within 

 the same city; whence result the' concentration of publishers 

 in Paternoster Row, of corn-merchants about Mark Lane, of 

 civil engineers in Great George Street, of bankers in the cen- 

 tre of the city. " Industrial combinations that consist, not in 

 the approximation or fusion of parts, but in the establish- 

 ment of common centres of connexion, are exhibited in the 

 Bank clearing-house and the Railway clearing-house. 

 While of yet another species are those unions which bring 

 into relation, the more or less dispersed citizens who are oc- 

 cupied in like ways ; as traders are brought by the Exchange, 

 and as are professional men by institutes like those of Civil 

 Engineers, Architects, &c. 



At first sight these seem to be the last of our instances. 

 Having followed up the general law to social aggregates, 

 there apparently remain no other aggregates to which it can 

 apply. This however is not true. Among what we have 

 above distinguished as super-organic phenomena, we shall 

 find sundry groups of very remarkable and interesting 

 illustrations. Though evolution of the various products of 

 human activities cannot be said directly to exemplify the 

 integration of matter and dissipation of motion, yet they 

 exemplify it indirectly. For the progress of Language, of 

 Science, and of the Arts, industrial and aesthetic, is an ob- 

 jective register of subjective changes. Alterations of struc- 

 ture in human beings, and concomitant alterations of struc- 

 ture in aggregates of human beings, jointly produce corre- 

 sponding alterations of structure in all those things which 



