THE MULTIPLICATION OF EFFECTS. 463 



ducements to this skilled individual to make weapons for 

 them. He, on the other hand, having both an unusual 

 faculty, and an unusual liking, for making weapons (the 

 capacity and the desire for any occupation being commonly 

 associated), is predisposed to fulfil these commissions on the 

 offer of adequate rewards: especially as his love of distinc- 

 tion is also gratified. This first specialization of function, 

 once commenced, tends ever to become more decided. On 

 the side of the weapon-maker, continued practice gives 

 increased skill increased superiority to his products. 

 On the side of his clients, cessation of practice en- 

 tails decreased skill. Thus the influences that deter- 

 mine this division of labour grow stronger in both ways: 

 this social movement tends ever to become more decided in 

 the direction in which it was first set up; and the incipient 

 heterogeneity is, on the average of cases, likely to become 

 permanent for that generation, if no longer. Such a 



process, besides differentiating the social mass into two parts, 

 the one monopolizing, or almost monopolizing, the perform- 

 ance of a certain function, and the other having lost the 

 habit, and in some measure the power, of performing that 

 function, has a tendency to initiate other differentiations. 

 The advance described implies the introduction of barter: 

 the maker of weapons has, on each occasion, to be paid in 

 such other articles as he agrees to take in exchange. Now 

 he will not habitually take in exchange one kind of article, 

 but many kinds. He does not want mats only, or skins, 

 or fishing-gear; but he wants all these; and on each occa- 

 sion will bargain for the particular things he most needs. 

 What follows ? If among the members of the tribe there 

 exist any slight differences of skill in the manufacture of 

 these various things, as there are almost sure to do, the 

 weapon-maker will take from each one the thing which that 

 one excels in making: he will exchange for mats witn him 

 whose mats are superior, and will bargain for the fishing- 

 gear of whoever has the best. But he who has bartered away 



