SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION. 557 



of a whole. It turned out that there is habitually a passage 

 from homogeneity to heterogeneity, along with the passage 

 from diffusion to concentration. While the matter com- 

 posing the Solar System has been assuming a denser form, it 

 has changed from unity to variety of distribution. So- 

 lidification of the Earth has been accompanied by a pro- 

 gress from comparative uniformity to extreme multiformity. 

 In the course of its advance from a germ to a mass of rela- 

 tively great bulk, every plant and animal also advances from 

 simplicity to complexity. The increase of a society in 

 numbers and consolidation has for its concomitant an in- 

 creased heterogeneity both of its political and its industrial 

 organization. And the like holds of all super-organic pro- 

 ducts Language, Science, Art, and Literature. 



But we saw that these secondary re-distributions are not 

 thus completely expressed. At the same time that the parts 

 into which each whole is resolved become more unlike one 

 another, they also become more sharply marked off. The 

 result of the secondary re-distributions is therefore to change 

 an indefinite homogeneity into a definite heterogeneity. 

 This additional trait also we found to be traceable in evolv- 

 ing aggregates of all orders. Further consideration, how- 

 ever, made it apparent that the increasing definiteness 

 which goes along with increasing heterogeneity, is not an 

 independent trait; but that it results from the integration 

 which progresses in each of the differentiating parts, while 

 it progresses in the whole they form. 



Further, it was pointed out that in all evolutions, 

 inorganic, organic, and super-organic, this change in the 

 arrangement of Matter is accompanied by a parallel change 

 in the arrangement of Motion: every increase in structural 

 complexity involving a corresponding increase in func- 

 tional complexity. It was shown that along with the 

 integration of molecules into masses, there arises an integra- 

 tion of molecular motion into the motion of masses; and 

 that as fast as there results variety in the sizes and forms of 



