PINACE.S:, OR CONIFERJE. 



1172. P. Pinaster Ait. Kew. ed. 1. iii. 367. Lamb. pin. 

 tt. 4 and 5. Loud. Arb. et Frut. 2213. P. maritima DC. 

 fl. franp. Southern parts of Europe ; especially the sandy 

 wastes north of the Mediterranean. (Pinaster, Cluster Pine.) 



A much larger plant than the Scotch Fir, forming first a spreading 

 handsome dark green bush, and afterwards a fine tree. Leaves stout, 

 in pairs, fully 4 inches long. Male flowers in a thyrsoid panicle, of a 

 bright yellow, terminating the branches. Crest of the anthers rounded, 

 orbicular, crenated. Female flowers with rich crimson scales. Cones 

 large, woody, whorled, pendulous, ovate, sessile, bright brown ; each 

 scale tipped with a short, broad, bluntish spine. Bordeaux turpentine, 

 which has the property of solidifying with magnesia, is procured from 

 this plant. 



1173. P. Cembra Linn, sp.pl. 1419 is said to yield Carpa- 

 thian Balsam. 



ABIES. 



In all characters the same as Pinus, except that the scales of 

 the cones are thinned away to the edge, and usually membra- 

 nous or coriaceous, and that the leaves are never fascicled. 



1174. A. Picea Lindl. in penny, cycl. A. pectinata DC.fi. 

 fr. ii. 275. Pinus Picea Linn. sp. pi. 1420. Lamb. pin. t. 30. 



Woodv. t. 209. Picea pectinata Loud. arb. et frut. 2329. 

 Mountains of Siberia, Germany, and Switzerland. (Silver Fir.) 



Branches horizontal. Leaves copious, linear, either acute or emar- 

 ginate, entire, spreading more or less perfectly in 2 ranks, and some- 

 times curved towards one side ; their upper surface of a dark shining, 

 rather glaucous, green ; the under glaucous-white. Male flowers nume- 

 rous, axillary, solitary, about as long as the leaves, yellow; their 

 axis the length of the toothed involucre ; anthers remarkable for their 

 rounded 2-lobed crest, crowned with a pair of divaricated horns. Fe- 

 male catkins lateral, erect, cylindrical, green ; bracts much narrower 

 than the carpellary scales, distinguished by a long, projecting, awl- 

 shaped point, very conspicuous in the full-grown cones, which are also 

 erect, 3 or 4 inches long, cylindrical, of a reddish-green, till they turn 

 brown in drying. Smith. Strasburgh Turpentine is obtained from this. 



1175. A. balsam ea Marsh. arb.amer.W2. A. balsamifera 

 Michx. arb. forest. \\\. 191. Pinus balsamea Linn, sp pi. 1421. 

 Lamb. pin. t. 41. Picea balsamea Loud. arb. etfrut. 2339. 

 Northern parts of North America. (Balm of Gilead Fir.) 



A handsome small tree resembling the preceding from which it 

 differs in having the bracts short-pointed, the crest of the anthers 

 pointless, and the cones themselves more acute at each end. The tree 

 itself is never above 20 or 30 feet high. The oleo-resin called Canada 

 balsam is furnished by this species. 



1176. A. Larix Lam. illustr. t. 785. f. 2. Pinus Larix 

 Linn, sp.pl. 1420. Lamb. pin. t. 35. Woodv. t. 210. Larix 

 europaea DC. fl. fr. No. 2064. Loud. arb. et frut. 2350. 



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