No. 4.] FUNGOUS DISEASES. 449 



appears to be due to two causes, namely, the discovery and 

 application of cultural methods which render rust infection 

 less common, and the limitation of the rust to a single stage 

 (uredo) of existence. Professor Arthur of the Indiana sta- 

 tion believes that the latter factor is largely responsible for 

 its decline. That cultural methods have also had a great 

 deal to do with its disappearance is evident from the fact 

 that our most skilful gardeners have never had it but one or 

 two 3'ears, while less skilful and less painstaking growers 

 have been more or less subject to it every year. Inside cul- 

 ture of the chrysanthemum appears to render it free from rust. 

 It is essential always to select healthy stock to start with, 

 and care should be taken to keep all unnecessary water olf 

 the foliage in cultivating in the gi*eenhouse. If rust appears 

 on a few leaves they should be picked and destroyed imme- 

 diately, and badly infested plants should be removed and 



burned. 



Stem Rot. 



More or less trouble with a stem rot caused by the fungus 

 Fnsarium has been experienced by cliTA'santhemum growers 

 since 1900. This fungus attacks the stem and clogs up the 

 tissues, thus shutting off the water and food supply, and 

 causing the lower leaves to fade, wither and die. The dis- 

 ease occurs most commonly as the result of conditions favor- 

 able to damping off. Those plants grown in the centre of 

 the bed, more remote from light, etc., are the worst affected. 

 Cultural precautions which will obviate damping-off condi- 

 tions, such as less crowding, etc., are at present the only 

 recommendations that can be given as constituting a pre- 

 ventive. 



KOSES. 



The cultivation of roses is carried on quite extensively in 

 this State. The unsurpassed skill that is given to the pro- 

 duction of this crop has resulted in reducing diseases to a 

 minimum. Some of these establishments turn out superior 

 produce year after 3^ear as regularly and as perfectly as any 

 manufacturing establishment turns out its wares. The most 

 important diseases of the rose are as follows : — 



