No. 4.] DAIRYING. 117 



free (especially free of witch grass), if it does not heave in 

 winter, if well enriched, if one is willing to fuss with and 

 baby the crop at the outset, to experiment with it and to 

 keep at it year after year with careful observation, the chances 

 of the crop are bettered, but success will not be insured. 



Dairy Sanitation and Cleanliness. 



Precept waxes eloquent over matters of dairy cleanliness 

 and dairy sanitation. Rules galore are laid down for the 

 improvement of stable conditions and for the reduction of 

 the bacterial content of the milk ; rules which, carried out 

 in their entirety, are absolutely prohibitive ; rules which 

 are seemingly simple, but actually more or less impractica- 

 ble in view of the low prices at which milk is sold. Are 

 there not, however, measures which are at once simple, 

 scientific and sensible, which are practicable, not too costly, 

 and withal effective, whereby stable sanitation and cleanli- 

 ness may be enhanced and the quality of the milk bettered ? 

 If so, dairymen will be more likely to adopt the sugges- 

 tions, and to appreciate how close is the relationship which 

 exists between dirt and dollars. 



The following procedures, already established on many 

 farms, may well be engrafted on common dairy practice, and 

 without involving excessive outlay of money or labor : — 



1. The cow stable may be whitewashed. 



2. The sunlight may be let in freel3^ 



3. The cows may be well bedded. 



4. Plaster or acid phosj)hate may be used in the gutters. 



5. Manure may be frequently removed. 



6. An adequate ventilation system may be installed. 



7. A form of tie-up may be used which will tend auto- 

 matically to keep the cow relatively clean. 



8. A sanitary milk pail may be used. 



9. Special clothes may be worn at milking. 



10. The udder, flanks and abdomen may be brushed before 

 milking. 



1 1 . The fore milk — the first three or four streams from 

 each teat — may be rejected. 



12. The milk may be promptly removed from the barn, 



