No. 4.] DAIRYING. 125 



rare. In the second period the dominant attitude was that of 

 a scientific conference. Opinions were replaced by demonstra- 

 tions or by tentative hypotheses ; conviction was sought by the 

 presentation of determinate facts, gathered by experiment and 

 laborious observation, carefully analyzed and cautiously inter- 

 preted; the whole was characterized by a notable approach to 

 the methods of approved scientific procedure. The intellec- 

 tual and moral contrast of the two periods was one of the most 

 pronounced expressions of advance in the higher education in 

 a great mass of people in the midst of practical life which it 

 has ever been my privilege to witness. 



Dairy precept has often pointed out a road of so steep a 

 gradient that dairy practice could not travel it. Yet this 

 were better than to indicate only a dead level. The upbuild- 

 ing of an industry, which totals in 1905 in this country the 

 vast sum of $665,000,000, second only to the corn crop in 

 value, leading hay, cotton, wheat and poultry by consider- 

 able margins, with all other crops distanced, — the upbuild- 

 ing of such an industry is a great work. Dairy practice has 

 done well, and much of its well doing it owes to dairy pre- 

 cept. Let us at this Thanksgiving season be grateful that 

 it has been given us to see and in a small way to take part 

 in the advancement of so vast an industry. 



Question. Are sanitary milking pails a good thing? 



Dr. Hills. The sanitary milking pail of the covered 

 type is essentially a stamped tin pail which is covered over. 

 Quite a large portion of the total area of the top is open, 

 and a collar slips inside the opening. One simplj^ takes the 

 collar out, puts in a layer of cheese cloth, a layer of ordi- 

 nary absorbent cotton and another of cheese cloth, and then 

 replaces the collar. Thus you strain the milk into the pail 

 through the finest and best medium known to man. A good 

 many people at first sight think these pails impracticable, 

 but they are used very largely now, and wherever used have 

 been found entirely practicable, and not to materially in- 

 crease the time of milking. It costs about a quarter of a 

 cent a milking for a herd of 20 coavs to supply the absorb- 

 ent cotton and cheese cloth. 



