No. 4.] . BU811-FKU1TS. 351 



been located some distance from woodlands where wild black- 

 berries grow. It is said to fluctuate greatly in numbers in 

 difl'erent years, so that it might not always prove so trouble- 

 some, even if it were to attack cultivated plants. Avoiding 

 proximity to wild l)lackberr3^ lands would seem to be a safe 

 precaution to take. 



Amono; the funoous diseases red rust is one of the best 

 known. It causes the plants to look red and scaly soon after 

 growth begins in the spring. This red color is caused by 

 the ri})ening of a large number of spores upon the surface 

 of the leaf. A plant once attacked is thoroughly diseased, 

 since the mycelium works its way throughout the whole 

 plant. The only remedy is to uproot and burn all such 

 plants at once. 



Another troublesome enemv is anthracnose, which causes 

 many canker-like spots upon the canes and even leaf stalks 

 of the })lants. These spots often become so numerous as to 

 run together, and greatly hinder the growth and productive- 

 ness of the plant. Diseased canes should be avoided in set- 

 ting a new plantation. The simplest remedy is to replant 

 frequently. The pest is nearly always more troublesome 

 upon old plantations than upon young ones. With good 

 care and frequent replanting it seldom becomes a serious 

 handicap. Its ravages can be reduced by thorough spray- 

 ing with Bordeaux mixture, but this is not as feasible as in 

 the case of some })lant diseases. 



Leaf spots sometimes cause serious injury. Bordeaux 

 mixture will be more usefid in controlling them than with 

 anthracnose, but is not often necessary. 



Another troublesome pest is the crown gall, which causes 

 the growth of warty galls on the roots. These groAvths 

 may occur just at the surface of the ground, or at points 

 further underneath. The disease is due to the work of a 

 fungus of low order, and may l)e communicated from one plan- 

 tation to another, or from berry plants to fruit trees. It is 

 therefore best to exercise great precaution to avoid introduc- 

 ing this trouble, especially if the plants are to be set among 

 trees in the orchard. Plants affected soon grow weak and 

 fail to yield satisfactory results. 



