10 



number of oxen and steers was 77,511 ; the value of the 

 cows and heifers was estimated at $4,892,291; the value 

 of the oxen and steers was $3,246,341 ; the value of the 

 dairy products of that year, consisting of milk, butter, and 

 cheese, was $2,898,696 28. 



In Pennsylvania the number of milch cows is 530,224 ; 

 of working oxen, 61,527; of other cattle, 562,195. 



In New York the number of milch cows is 931,324; of 

 working oxen, 178,909; of other cattle, 767,406. In 

 Georgia the number of milch cows is 334,223 ; of working 

 oxen, 73,286 ; of other cattle, 690,019. In Kentucky the 

 number of milch cows is 247,475 ; of working oxen, 62,- 

 274 ; of other cattle, 442,763. In Illinois the number of 

 milch cows is 294,671 ; of working oxen, 76,156; of other 

 cattle, 541,209. 



These figures are very significant with regard to the ani- 

 mals most in demand among us. They show the univer- 

 sal importance of the dairy, while they moreover indicate 

 those States in which distance from the market and the 

 low price of pasture lands, combine to render grazing the 

 most convenient, as well as the most profitable branch of 

 farming. In the valleys of the West and South, and in 

 some parts of New England and the Middle States, beef 

 is raised to a profit, every advantage being taken of the 

 best breed of cattle for such a purpose. On the east and 

 on the west, on the north and on the south, in every di- 

 rection, at the fountain head of our grain crops, before 

 corn has been quadrupled on the original price of the pro- 

 ducer by long transportation and by speculation, there 

 where the rich valleys and prairies offer an abundant and 

 cheap sustenance for cattle, and where a propitious climate 

 economizes food and. labor, beef is growing as it were 



