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as long in this country as they do in Great Britain and 

 other parts of Europe. These various facts are worth 

 remembering, while we discuss the quality of the different 

 breeds of cattle, whether for beef or milk. 



It having been determined by the English farmer that 

 the production of beef and milk cannot be profitably com- 

 bined in the same animal, the chief attention of the breed- 

 ers there has been turned to what might be called a divi- 

 sion of the question. Agriculture in England is conducted 

 in such a manner as to render it remunerative to the 

 farmer, as well as useful to the great mass of consumers ; 

 and the raising of beef and mutton has become a very im- 

 portant and well-regulated branch of husbandry. Not 

 only have economical systems of feeding been adopted, 

 but great attention has been paid to the production of ani- 

 mals best adapted to growth and easy fattening. For 

 many years the Herefords and Devons stood in the front 

 rank, in all of the beef-growing districts. But it was 

 found, as was supposed, that the Hereford was unfit for 

 the grazier until after he was two years old, and that al- 

 though he took on fat readily after that period, still he 

 was hardly a remunerative animal to rear up to that age, 

 and the profit to be made on him came not to the grower, 

 but to the feeder, who purchased him for stalling or graz- 

 ing. The same fault was found with the Devons, which 

 as ox-labor was superseded very much by horses, because 

 in less demand for draught, and were found in the end, 

 although fattening rapidly after reaching maturity, to 

 have cost more than the rapid growers and early fatteners. 

 It was these considerations which induced Charles and 

 Robert Colling to select from various breeds of the supe- 

 rior animals found in the valley of the Tees, a choice few 



