23 



BULLETIN OF 

 MASSACHUSETTS BOAED OF AGRICULTURE. 



CONCENTRATED FEED STUFFS. 



By J. B. LiNDSET, Ph.D., Department of Foods and Feeding, ITatch Experiment Station. 



The term " concentrated feed," taken in its broadest sense, is 

 meant to include the grains and other seeds of agricultural plants, 

 as well as their manifold by-products left behind in the process of 

 oil extraction and in the preparation of human foods. 



All cattle feeds, either concentrated or coarse, are made up of 

 six groups of substances : Water, ash, cellulose or fiber, fat» pro- 

 tein and non-nitrogenous extract matter. 



Water. — The several grains and by-products contain when 

 placed upon the market from 8 to 15 per cent of water. 



Crude Ash represents the mineral ingredients of the seed. It 

 will remain behind as ashes should the seed be burned. These 

 ashes consist of lime, potash, soda, magnesia, iron, phosphoric acid 

 and sulphuric acid. 



Crude Cellulose or Fiber is the coarse or woody part of the plant. 

 It may be called the plant's framework. It is present as a rule 

 only to a limited extent in the grains and by-products. 



Crude Fat includes not only the various fats and oils found in 

 different feed stuffs, but also waxes, resins and coloring matters. 

 It is sometimes termed ether-extract, because it represents that 

 portion of the plant soluble in ether. Fat found in grains and 

 seeds is comparatively free from foreign substances (waxes, 

 resins, etc.). 



Crude Protein is the general name for all of the nitrogenous 

 matters of the seed. It corresponds to the lean meat in the animal, 



