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THE OCEAN 179 



pressure is for marine animals a matter of 

 real moment. 



Depressions of the Freezing Point 



Degrees 



Calentratc, Alcyonium palmafum. 2.196 



Echinodcrm, Astcropcctcn aurantiacus 2.312 



Echinodcrm, Flolotluiriu lubulosa 2.315 



Worm, Sipuneuhu nudus 2.31 



Crustacean, Maja squinada 2.3G 



Crustacean, Homarus vulgaris 2.29 



Cephalopod, Octopus macropus 2.24 



Selachian, Torpedo marmorata 2.26 



Selachian, Mustelus vulgaris 2.36 



Selachian, Trygon violacea 2.44 



Teleost, Charax puntazzo 1.04 



Teleost, Cerna gigas 1.035 



Teleost, Crenilabrus pavo 0.74-0.76 



Teleost, Box salpa 0.82-0.88 



Reptile, Thalassochelys caretta 0.61 



Sea Water 2.3 



The great importance of osmotic pressure 

 is also attested by many of the facts of phys- 

 iology. The study of this subject has in- 

 deed from its origin always been closely 

 associated with the biological sciences, and it 

 was in great part biological experiments and 

 wholly experiments of biologists which were 

 employed by van't Hoff in his development, 

 on the basis of osmotic phenomena, of the 

 theory and laws of dilute solutions. 



Absorption, secretion, excretion, and the 

 movement of substances across membranes, 



