PREFACE xiii 



the others would seem invidious. Grateful as I am, I shall, therefore, 

 refrain from attempting to express my gratitude to persons and shall 

 merely make a formal acknowledgment to institutions. 



I am in the first place indebted in general to the Government 

 of Canada and in particular to the Department of the Naval Service 

 for allowing the use of photographs and other material gathered 

 on the expedition. This was provided for in my original agreement 

 with the Government when they assumed all obligations to me which 

 had previously been entered into by the National Geographic Society 

 and the American Museum of Natural History. 



The maps were made for the Department of the Naval Service 

 by the Geodetic Survey of Canada. A few of the photographs used 

 in this book were taken on my expedition of 1908-12. These are 

 the property of the American Museum of Natural History and are 

 used by their consent. The photographs of musk oxen under domes- 

 tication are used by courtesy of the New York Zoological Society. 

 Two photographs used in this volume are reproduced from my 

 previous book, *'My Life With the Eskimo," because I had no new 

 pictures which illustrated equally well certain points that had to 

 be brought out. 



Most of the photographs used in this volume were taken either 

 by myself or by George H. Wilkins, the official photographer of the 

 expedition, who was with us by a special arrangement with the 

 Gaumont Company of Great Britain. Some photographs of vegeta- 

 tion and of insect life were taken by Frits Johansen, our botanist, 

 entomologist and marine biologist. Through a defect in my records 

 it is possible that two or three of the photographs were taken by 

 other members. However that be, all the expedition photographs 

 are used not by permission of the original takers, but in a few cases 

 by permission of the Geological Survey of Canada, and in the 

 majority of cases by permission of the Department of the Naval 

 Service, whose property they are. 



It is possible that minor alterations will be made hereafter in 

 the maps of the expedition. Those published in this volume should, 

 therefore, not be considered final and authoritative. Those require- 

 ments will be filled by the official maps of the Government to be 

 issued from Ottawa probably during the year 1922. 



All technical publications except certain preliminary reports 

 published in technical journals will be issued by the Government 

 as rapidly as possible. 



Such new place names as appear on the maps included in this 

 book are those of men (and in one or two cases women) who have 



