PREFACE xi 



in two or more universities: Harvard, Massachusetts Institute of 

 Technology, McGill, Oxford, Queens, the Sorbonne, State Univer- 

 sities of Iowa and North Dakota, Toronto, Universities of Edin- 

 burgh and Ghisgow, Yale, and technical schools in Norway, Den- 

 mark and Australia. Four of the men had previously been on polar 

 expeditions: Mackay and Murray with Shackleton, Johansen with 

 Mylius Erichsen in Greenland, and Anderson with me. Mamen had 

 been on a Norwegian surveying expedition to Spitsbergen. 



This list shows that we had to go all over the world to secure' 

 our scientific staff. Jenness had just returned to New Zealand from 

 anthropological work in New Guinea, and Wilkins of Australia 

 was in the West Indies. Both of these were secured by cable corre- 

 spondence. Johansen, the Dane, was engaged in Washington, and 

 Mamen, the Norwegian, in Canada. I made a trip to Europe which 

 resulted in the engagement of Beuchat, Mackay, Murray and 

 McKinlay. 



This European trip was partly to secure scientific men and partly 

 to get equipment, especially in the field of oceanography. In this 

 work I was greatly aided by Dr. W. S. Bruce, of the Scottish Ocean- 

 ographical Laboratory, by Sir John Murray, and by the Prince of 

 Monaco. 



While I was in Europe I received the first bad news of the expedi- 

 tion, the resignation of Captain Pedersen. Some one had induced 

 him to believe that he would have had to change his American citi- 

 zenship for Canadian in order to be master of the Karluk. How ill- 

 founded this belief was is best shown by the fact that we replaced 

 him by Captain Bartlett who, although born in British territory, 

 had become an American citizen and retained his citizenship 

 throughout the expedition. Captain Bartlett had been master of 

 the Roosevelt under Peary, and had extensive experience with ice 

 navigation in Atlantic waters. 



Apart from the comprehensiveness of the scientific scope of the 

 expedition and the large number of scientists, this expedition did 

 not in its outfitting differ materially from that of the recent polar 

 expeditions. The outfitting is, therefore, not worth describing. It 

 was most effectively handled by the Canadian Navy Yard at 

 Esquimalt, near Victoria, British Columbia. 



The direction of the expedition was under the Canadian 

 Department of the Naval Service, and therefore at first under the 

 Honorable D. J. Hazen, and later the Honorable C. C. Ballantyne. 

 The expedition was directly under the Deputy Minister, the Hon- 

 orable G. J. Desbarats, who through five years kept in personal 



