26 MAMMALS OF PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW JERSEY. 



bringing forth 2 fawns at a time, and " great numbers are destroyed by traps 

 and hunting, by panthers, wild cats and sometimes wolves." Smith dep- 

 recates the use of the " enormous iron trap " for deer, their " enormous wide 

 jaws of destruction being abhorrent to the common principles of humanity." 

 Laws were ineffectually directed against these and also against " the practice 

 of setting sharp stakes and loaded guns . . . common nuisances to man- 

 kind." In 1758, Cape May Co., though sparsely populated, was stated in 

 Jacob Spicer's diary to have a trade in deer skins and venison hams worth 

 120 pounds sterling. The early colonists, unable to secure cattle, endeavored 

 to domesticate deer for a supply of milk, but without success. In 1771 deer 

 were becoming scarce enough to claim the attention of the lawmakers. An 

 act was passed Dec. 2ist providing that if any one " shall kill destroy or take 

 any Roe Buck, Fawn or any sorts of Deere " between January i and Septem- 

 ber i, he was to pay 40 shillings. Hunting on the Colony's unimproved 

 land was limited to voters for Representatives in the General Assembly or 

 their sons being 18 years of age. Traps were limited in size to those set for 

 foxes. Penalties were named for the setting of a loaded gun and for watch- 

 ing for deer at night near a road. In 1772 an act was passed specially pre- 

 serving the deer of Morris County, particularly those remaining in Great 

 Swamp. 



Habits, description of species, etc. See next species. 



Northern Virginia Deer. Odocoileus americanus borealis Miller. 



1900. Odocoileus americanus borealis Miller, Bulletin N. York State Mu- 

 seum, Vol. 8, p. 83. 



Type locality. Bucksport, Maine. 



Faunal distribution. Canadian zone of eastern N. America. 



Distribution in Pa. and N. J. Once abounding, but now sparsely 

 scattered or locally exterminated, in the upper Transition and lower Cana- 

 dian life zones. Now found, if ever, in New Jersey, as a straggler only. 

 Probably most numerous in the Pocono and South Mountain regions. 



Records in Pa. Adams Co. "In fall and winter of 1892,32 deer were 

 killed legitimately within a radius of 10 miles among the Adams and Frank- 

 lin Co. Mountains. In 1895 over 5 were taken, and probably as many 

 more by pot-hunters and dogs out of season. In the fall of 1896 fifteen were 

 killed between Graefensburg, Buchanan's Valley and Pine Grove in Cumber- 

 land Co., in the South Mountain region." Strealy. 



Cambria Co. "A few remain." Shields, 1901. 



Carbon Co. Stray into Wilkesbarre Mtn., Luzerne Co., from Pine Swamp, 

 Kidder Twp., and headwaters of Lehigh in Coolbaugh and Tobyhanna Twps., 

 Monroe Co. ; 28 killed in 1898. Stocker. 



