MAMMALS OF PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW JERSEY. 39 



Ord, in Guthrie's Geography (Amer. ed., 1815, p. 306), uses the same 

 name for it. Godman uses both this name and " red deer " in his syn- 

 onymy (Nat. Hist., vol. 2, p. 294). "Red deer" was used by the back- 

 woodsmen to distinguish it from the Virginia or " wild deer," as G. Thomas 

 calls them. The use of the term " Elks," by Thomas, seems to show that 

 it was also used at that time to designate the wapiti. " Red deer " was pro- 

 bably given by the English to the wapiti on account of its resemblance to the 

 deer of England Census elaphas. The name was also literally applicable to 

 it on account of its color, as contrasted with that of the Virginia deer. Dr. 

 B. S. Barton (Med. and Phys. Journal, 1806, p. 46), writes : "In the memory 

 of many persons now living, the droves of elks which used to frequent the 

 salines near the river Susquehanna in Pennsylvania [probably referring to 

 eastern and central Penna.] were so great that for 5 or 6 miles leading to the 

 licks the paths of these animals were as large as many of the great public 

 roads of our country. Eighty elks have sometimes been seen in one herd 

 upon their march to the salines." 



Northwestern Pa. I remember seeing 2 bull elk a man had captured 

 alive in one of our northern (Penna.) counties, but have forgotten which one 

 it was." . . " Regarding those two elk, I was a boy at a county fair in the 

 early 'yo's, in Blairsville, Indiana Co. The man who owned the elk was there 

 with them, and said he had walked them down in the deep snow when they 

 were young. They were both bulls, and he drove them around the track in a 

 buggy. . . . As I remember they were small-sized [specimens]. I was on 

 a hunting trip in the west last fall, and saw hundreds of wild elk, so I am sure 

 these were the genuine article." Shields, Jan. n, 1901. "At present [1851] 

 there is only a narrow range on the Allegheny mountains where the elk still 

 exists [in Penna], . . . and these would undoubtedly migrate elsewhere 

 were they not restricted by the extensive settlements on the west and 

 south." Aud. Bachm., Quad. N. Amer., vol. 2, p. 92. Audubon further 

 states that Mr. Peale, of Philadelphia, told him about 1846 that the only place 

 he could secure wapiti in the Atlantic States was on some barren mountains 

 in northwestern Pennsylvania, where he had hunted them. The specimens 

 figured in plate II. represent two Pennsylvania Elk which Audubon had in 

 captivity in New York. 



Allegheny Co. Place-name Elkhorn, in southernmost township. 



Cameron Co. " Two of the old settlers who first settled on the Driftwood 

 River, above Emporium, told me that during the thirties [1830 to 1840] 

 they counted in one drove at one time seventy elk in and around the Big 

 Lick, on the Driftwood. In 1839 my father killed one on the Driftwood about 

 a mile from Big Elk Lick." C. W. Dickinson. " Favorite places for them 

 were Hick's Run and Driftwood River, this county." Larrabee. See also 

 notes under Elk Co. 



