186 Agricultural Chemistry. 



four prominent parts, as follows: germ, light colored starch 

 cells, dark gluten layers and a thin outer coating. The germ is 

 located at the tip of the kernel and is more or less completely 

 surrounded by starch, which forms the floury portion of the 

 grain. Outside the starch, nearly or completely surrounding it 

 and more or less blending with it, is the yellowish gluten layer. 

 The whole kernel is coverd by a thin coating which forms a small 

 amount of bran in the milling process. The germ contains most 

 of the fat of the corn grain, while the gluten is the portion richest 

 in protein. That portion of the starch bordering upon the gluten 

 layer differs in character from the common, floury starch, and is 

 known as "horny" or "glossy" starch. Almost all of the starch 

 of popcorn is of this variety. 



Corn is slightly lower in protein and much higher in fat than 

 is wheat. The latter constituent is sometimes separated from the 

 grain on a commercial scale as corn-oil. Corn meal is low in 

 fiber and pentosans, the carbohydrates being nearly limited to 

 starch. As a result, corn is used extensively in the production 

 of sugar by the process already described under "glucose," the 

 commercial product being known as "corn syrup." The residue 

 from this process is sold for stock feeding as "gluten feed." To 

 a limited extent, it is also separated into such fancy feeds as 

 "corn bran," "gluten meal" and "germ oil meal." 



The corn grain is low in ash, containing but 1.5 per cent, and 

 extremely deficient in lime; this constituent forms only about 

 2.3 per cent of the ash, or 0.03 per cent of the grain. It is thus 

 apparent that corn alone forms an incomplete ration for grow- 

 ing animals using grain alone, such as swine. 



Corn is a shallow rooted crop and requires liberal manuring. 

 It has the advantage, however, of a late summer growth, so that 

 it has the opportunity of assimilating the nitrates produced dur- 

 ing the hot season. Fresh farm manure should be applied to 

 corn, as to most of the cereals, at the rate of 8 to 10 tons per acpft 



Rice has been estimated to be the chief food of over one-half 

 of the human race. It differs from the other grain crops in re- 



