will reveal small discolored spots ou the trunks, showing where 

 the larva? have commenced feeding. Masses of fine brown cast- 

 ings are often found on these spots. By the use of a sharp knife 

 the larvffi may be dug out and killed, while the burrows of the 

 older larvte should be followed and the inmates destroyed. All 

 exposed wood, whether living or dead, should be thoroughly 

 coated with a thick lead and oil paint, to exclude the air and pre- 

 vent decay. Dead branches should be removed and the stumps 

 painted. Where the trees are badly infested it may be advisable 

 to prune severely, for with a limited and weakened sap circulation 

 they cannot properly support the normal amount of foliage. 



The preceding" suggestions apply chiefly to the treatment of in- 

 fested maples which serve as shade trees. In the case of an in- 

 fested sugar orchard it would be impossible and impracticable to 

 give the trees the same degree of care, and here the main depend- 

 ence must be placed upon preventive measures. If one will take 

 the trouble to look over a number of sugar orchards, he will find 

 that the ones most affected by the borer are those in which the 

 underbrush and smaller trees have been cut, and the writer would 

 suggest that here we have an explanation of the increase of this 

 pest in the sugar orchards of western Massachusetts. Brush and 

 undergrowth in a sugar bush interfere with the gathering of sap at 

 the season of sugar making, and the practice of " clearing up " 

 sugar orchards is one growing in favor with the owners of the or- 

 chards. Where maples have grown with trees of other species, 

 and with a thick forest cover, the trunks are usually free from 

 branches to a considerable height. When the forest cover is sud- 

 denly cut off and only the maples are left standing these trees soon 

 become weakened, as a result of the altered conditions. It is a 

 well-recoguized fact that sickly trees are the favorite victims of 

 borers of all kinds, and the maple is no exception to this rule. 

 The clearing up of sugar orchards also allows the sunlight to pen- 

 etrate to a greater extent than before, and the borers, being sun- 

 loving insects, doubtless find a greater number of attractive places 

 in which to lay their eggs. During the past five or six years the 

 writer has had several opportunities to examine the sugar orchards 

 near his home at Huntington and in other parts of western Massa- 

 chusetts, and has seen repeatedly the clearing up of orchards fol- 

 lowed by extensive damage by this borer, and is led to believe the 

 matter is simply one of cause and effect. 



Remedial measures may be briefly summarized as follows : 

 for infested shade trees, cut out the borers in September, prune if 

 necessary, and cover all exposed wood with thick paint. In sugar 

 orchards, allow as much forest cover as is consistent with the work 



