INSECTICIDES, FUNGICIDES, AND DIREC- 

 TIONS FOK THEIR USE. 



Plants in a vigorous and healthy condition can niuch better 

 resist the attacks of insects and diseases than when not thriv- 

 ing. Good cultivation, proper fertilizers, the best condition of 

 the soil and careful attention are all, therefore, important 

 factors in the production of good crops. Spraying or other 

 methods of treatment are also frequently needed, however, if 

 the best results are to be obtained, and directions for the 

 preparation and application of spray materials are therefore 

 given here. 



Spraying Apparatus. 



Most of the pumps now on the market should do reasonably 

 good work when properly used. The nozzle to use for fungous 

 diseases should be some form of Bordeaux nozzle; for insects, 

 in most cases some tj'pe of Vermorel nozzle, which sends out 

 the spray as a fine mist or fog, is the best. Hose generally lasts 

 but one season, and is so liable to give out during the spraying 

 the following year that it is better to buy a cheaper grade and 

 expect it to last only during one year. Wash out pumps, hose, 

 nozzle and tank thoroughly as soon as through spraying each 

 time, and drain the hose. Overhaul the apparatus and see 

 that it is in working order before the time comes for its use, 

 or time will be lost when it can least be spared. 



The best all-round pump for the average place is a barrel 

 pump, and in most cases one entering the side of the barrel, 

 though this is not essential. On large estates, or with large 

 numbers of trees to spray a power outfit is often more 

 economical in the end. Two, 30 or 40 foot leads of hose, one- 

 fourth or at least not over one-half inch inside diameter, and 

 two extension rods having a cut-off at the bottom, are well 

 worth having. 



