6 



use of, numerous readj-made lime-sulfur washes are on the 

 market, and can be used with quite satisfactory results. 



A concentrated home-made lime-sulfur wash is now being 

 used to quite an extent. The method of making, keeping 

 and diluting this for application can hardly be given within 

 the limits of this paper. 



Miscible Oils. — Many orchardists are now using miscible 

 oils — often wrongly called soluble oils — instead of the 

 lime-sulfur wash. A satisfactory miscible oil can be made 

 by the person desiring to use it, but the trouble and time 

 necessary are so great that this is not often done, and the 

 oil is generally purchased, ready for use on dilution with, 

 water. 



A number of different miscible oils are now on the market, 

 and most of them can be expected to give very good results 

 when not too much diluted and when thoroughly applied. 

 Where the scale is abundant the dilution should not be more 

 than one part of oil to fourteen parts of water, though in 

 order to reduce the cost, directions accompanying these ma- 

 terials often direct that one part of oil be mixed with twenty 

 of water. This generally makes the spray too weak to be 

 sufficiently effective. 



General Spraying Directions. 



In spraying for scale insects thorough work is necessary if 

 satisfactory results are expected. Only those scales actually 

 reached by the spray will be killed, and a very few left on a 

 tree will be sufficient to heavily restock it by the following 

 fall. Formerly a very fine misty spray was considered the 

 best for the work, less of the material being wasted. At the 

 present time the tendency is to use a coarser nozzle, thus 

 making it possible to drive the spray with more force, and 

 also to cover the trees more rapidly with the same thorough- 

 ness as that given by the other nozzle. By spraying in this 

 way the loss of material is more than made up by the saving 

 of time and of wages to the men doing the work. 



Spraying for the San Jose scale should be done during the 



. winter months, while the trees are leafless and dormant. It 



should not be done after the buds have opened in the spring 



