10 



must be touched by the spray, and they are very small. This 

 means that the spraying must be thorough. 



Whale-oil Soap. — Whale-oil soap, 1 pound ; water, 4 or 5 

 gallons. Spray thoroughly about the first of June, accord- 

 ing to whether the season is early or late, and repeat in from 

 ten days to two weeks. This second application will be 

 likelv to reach some which were missed the first time, and 

 also any which had not hatched when the first treatment 



was given. 



Kerosene Emulsion. — Hard soap shaved fine, 1/2 pound ; 

 water, 1 gallon; kerosene, 2 gallons. Dissolve the soap in 

 boiling water, then remove from the fire and pour it into 

 the kerosene and churn with a spray pump, turning the noz- 

 zle back into the mixture ; continue this till the mixture 

 changes first to a creamy, then to a soft, butter-like mass. 

 This will keep for some time. Use 1 part of this mixed with 



9 parts of water to 

 spray. If the water 

 used is hard, the emul- 

 sion may not form un- 

 less borax or soda be 

 added to make the water 

 soft. 



The Scurfy Scale. 



This scale, which is 

 also verv common on 

 apple and pear trees, is 

 about as long as the 

 ovster-shell scale, but is 

 broader, rather pear- 

 shaped, and white or 

 grayish-white in color. Its life history is about the same as 

 that of the oyster-shell scale, but the eggs are purple, as are 

 also the crawling young. The treatment is the same as for 

 the oyster-shell scale, and should be applied at the same time. 



Fig. 3. — Scurfy scale: a, female, 6, male scales 

 natural size, on twigs; c, female scale, much 

 enlarged ; d, male scale, much enlarged. 

 (Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Yearbook, 1894.) 



