the many cows; and when the farmers reahzed this, one 

 co-operative creamery after another was erected. That 

 this movement in favor of co-operative creameries became 

 so phenomenal was surely also due to the fact that the 

 creameries were built very cheaply, and hence the farmers 

 were not scared by any great outlays, as it must be re- 

 membered that they were not accustomed to have much 

 cash in hand. 



This development may best be outlined by the following 

 figures: in 1882 the first co-operative creamery was erected 

 (while the first individual one was started in 1863), and 

 up to 1886 there were erected 86; from 1891-95 it was 169; 

 from 1896-1900 it was 119. The total number in 1913 was 

 1,188 co-operative and 300 individual or estate creameries, 

 and hence the total may now be put at fully 1,500. 



In 1909 there were reported 182,373 herds with 1,281,974 

 cows, and of these 154,602 herds with 1,059,359 cows 

 supplied milk to the co-operative creameries. The follow- 

 ing table shows the support of the co-operative creameries 

 given by farms according to size : — 



The table shows that only half of the largest estates 

 deliver milk to the co-operative creameries. They either 

 make up the milk at home or contract it to the individual 

 creameries or to the city dealers. The total milk produc- 

 tion of the country may be placed at 3,500 million kg., 

 7,716,177,000 pounds, and of this about 2,700 milHon kg., 

 5,952,479,400 iDounds, go to the co-operative creameries. 



