13 



joined. The output of milk beyond domestic requirements, to the 

 extent of 1,300 to 1,400 liters daily, was delivered to the association. 

 Butter and curds (cheese) are made by machinery, and the milk 

 itself brings in a clear 12 heller (2V2 cents) per liter. In this man- 

 ner the members cleared 3,500 kronen ($700) during the year for 

 milk, which previously was either consumed in the house or wasted. 

 This opened a new source of income, produced gi'eater benefit year 

 by year, and quickly became a potent factor in the enrichment of 

 the village farmers. 



In co-operative distribution Hungary is far advanced. 

 There are two distinct types of societies formed known as 

 the " organized," that is, under the jurisdiction of some 

 central organization, and the " unorganized." The central 

 society which controls the former supplies them with goods 

 and working capital, and attends to the wholesale purchase 

 of supplies. They deal mainly in household necessities, pro- 

 visions, seed, commercial fertilizers, machines, tools, etc. 

 The unorganized societies are independent individual insti- 

 tutions and may be divided into two classes, — those dealing 

 in household requisites and provisions and those dealing in 

 all kinds of agricultural supplies. 



I had the pleasure of visiting the central supply house of 

 the former type of organization in Budapest. The main 

 building is filled with all kinds of merchandise, practically 

 everything imaginable to eat, drink or wear, also farming 

 machinery and implements, seed, fertilizers, etc. 



The establishment included mills for grinding grain, salt, 

 sugar and paint, apparatus for roasting coffee, and a box 

 and cordage factory. An immense force of help is employed. 

 In 1898 there were only 16 affiliated societies, while now the 

 organization has so demonstrated its value that there are 

 1,195. 



In Austria we found co-operative milk plants similar to 

 those in Budapest and other parts of Hungary. Vienna, 

 the capital, claims the largest co-operative dairy plant in 

 existence. The milk is distributed to the sale depots in 102 

 wagons, which also transport the milk to the central plant as 

 it arrives at the railway stations from the farms. The em- 

 ployees at the plant number 660, and 212 horses are kept. 



