406 



THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 



Dec. 21, 



cay in the cells if not removed, diffuse 

 tine stench, and will have about 

 a uniform color and appearance, differ- 

 ing only according to their age ; but if 

 dead of foul brood, the skin decays 

 about the same time with the bodj . 

 which causes the mpishness of sub- 

 stance, ami the inability of the bees 

 t<> remove it from the cells. Larva' 

 dead from other causes may have de- 

 cayed to a suit watery mass, but when 

 a pin or some similar instrument is 



Used, One can remove it easily, as the 

 skin acts like a sack to the soft body. 



1 maintain the idea that foul br 1 



is an imported disease, and spreads bj 

 infection, and not by chilling of brood 

 or other surrounding circumstances 

 indigenous to this . country. I fear 



that this dread disease, now among 

 us, cannot be rooted out any more. It 

 may show itself at one place or an- 

 other before we are aware of it ; but 



by due vigilance it can lie kepi from 

 spreading, and none of us can be too 

 careful about it. ('has. 1". MtJTH. 

 Cincinnati, <). 



Mr. Jones had thoroughly tested sali- 

 cylic acid and had found that it had 



no effect : he believed that nothing 

 would kill it but beat. He thought it 

 could be as easily managed as the bee 

 moth. A discussion followed. 



President Cook said that in many 

 cases we must understand pure science 

 in order to understand applied science, 

 and thought that scientific investiga- 

 tion may throw light on the disease. 



Mr. Townley. I have lost tin to 70 



colonies, and think a honlire t lie quick- 

 est and cheapest cure. Total cre- 

 mation. 



Mr. Jones. NO use in cremating. 



Dr. Whiting. Eave had foul brood, 

 and caution bee-keepers not to take it 

 to their hives; it will not do to handle 



it carelessly. Put the bees in a box -is 

 bours, then put them in another clean 

 'hive with comb foundation. I kept 

 one hive, cleaning out combs, and 

 batching the bees that Could hatch, 

 and the bees made a large amount of 

 surplus lioney. I succeeded in curing 

 my apiary. 



Mr. Hubbard. Ilonev does not show 

 foul brood, but needs to be boiled if 



fed to bees. 



Dr. L. C. Whiting then addressed 

 the Convention on 



The Coming Bee Hive. 



We hear a good deal about the com- 

 ing bee. and but little of the coming 

 hive, in Which we can best secure the 

 product of bee industry. 



Permit me to call your attention to 

 a reversible fri hive, which is be- 

 ing used by some of the best bee- 

 keepers in' the country. This hive 



has all the advantages of the Lang- 



Stroth and Quinby hives combined, at 

 the increased expense of only one cent 

 a frame over the Langstroth. I will 

 state as briefly as I can son I' the 



advantages of this hive. 

 The frames stand on a shoulder at 



the bottom of the hive, and when 

 propel Ij made, the metal corners are 



ti niv places where the frames touch 



each other on the hive. If you wish 

 t:: I isteu the frames la s ifetv in ship- 

 ping, all von have to do is to slip in a 



couple of wedges and crowd the frames 

 close together and all is Arm and se- 

 cure. As they touch only at the coi- 

 ners, there is no danger of the frames 

 coming together ami destroying t In- 

 bees. 



Whenever the bees store too much 

 honey in the upper part of the comb. 

 the frame should be turned over, 



placing the honey a! the bottom, ami 



the brood at the top. If you have se- 

 lected the right time to reverse the 

 frame, the bees will remove the honey 



to tin' boxes, and till its place with 



brood. You have thus gained two 

 important points- your honey in the 

 boxes, and an additional amount of 

 brood. 



Some Of the handsomest flames o| 

 brood that I have ever seen were ob- 

 tained in this way. The important 

 time to reverse the' frame is just be- 

 fore the close of a good yield of honey. 

 It deferred too long, the bees some- 

 times refuse to carry the lioney to the 



boxes. When the combs are turned 

 Over, the bees make them equally se- 

 cure at top and bottom, and all parts 

 are toughened and strengthened by 

 having brood reared in them, thus 

 making a very desirable frame for ex- 

 tracting from. Those who use this 

 hive. Claim that they get from in to IS 

 pounds more honey in the boxes than 



is obtained by the usual method, ami 



a large increase in brood. 



There are other advantages claimed 



for this hive, but they do not appear 



to be so well founded as those men- 

 tioned. Mr. Van Deusen, of Sprout 

 Brook, N. V.. is the originator of this 



frame, and I hope will give us e 



light on the subject through the BEE 



Journal. 



Mr. Harrington said that after 9 

 years' experience with alsike clover, 

 lie had found he could grow it on 

 hea\ y land if it was well worked, and 

 it is a very valuable bee-plant. It is 

 a plant for both farmers and bee- 

 keepers. 



AFTERNOON SESSION. 



The, session was opened with the 

 following resolution, which was adop- 

 ted unanimously : 



Besolved, That the executive com- 

 mittee be requested to procure 200 

 copies of the proceedings printed, and 

 that a copy be sent to each member. 



The following cities were voted upon 

 for place of meeting next year: Grand 

 Rapids, 2H; Detroit, 21 ; Kalamazoo, 

 ::::. The latter place was chosen. 



The following officers were elected 

 for the following year: President, 

 James Heddon; Vice Presidents. 

 Prof. A. J. Cook and Dr. Southard: 

 Secretary, T. F. Bingham ; Treasurer. 

 T. M. Cobb. The following gentle- 

 men were appointed a committee to 

 attend to the interests of apiarists at 

 the next State Fair : II. D. Cutting, 

 Prof. A. J. Cook, Dr. 0. H. Ranney, 

 A. P. Weed, James Heddon and Byron 

 Walker. It was voted to request 

 Messrs. Jones and Newman to attend 

 the next meeting. 



The following essay was read on 



Extracted Honey. 



I think that the best essay lean 

 write, on the above subject, is to detail 

 what we have done ami what results 

 we have obtained. Accustomed as we 

 bad been, in fiance, to see candied 

 honey sold as a staple article, we could 

 not understand why it could not be 

 readily sold in this country, since it is 

 a purer article than comb honey, not 

 being any more mixed with beeswax, 

 and since it can be sold cheaper, and 

 Shipped without any trouble. As soon 

 as we beard of the'discovery of Maj. 

 Hruschka, the inventor of the lioney 

 extractor, we hastened to have a ma- 

 chine made and to use it. 



But we soon found that, while to ex- 

 tract honey was easy, tosell it was the 

 most difficult part of the job, the gran- 

 ulating of our honey hindering our 

 sales. Several lots iii glass jars were 

 returned to uson account of its having 

 become similar in appearance to lard 

 of poor quality. 



These difficulties did not deter us 



from our undertaking, which was ren- 

 dered more difficult >el by articles 

 published in the bee papers, in which 

 the granulating of honey was consid- 

 ered as a defect, which the bee-keeper 

 bad to correct by boiling it. We had 



also to ( tend with the adultciators. 



who were quick in saying that the 

 candying of our honey proved that it 



was made from sugar. 



We then wrote, in the bee papers, 



that the granulating of honey was the 

 best test of its purity. This stale- 

 in. -lit . at first, met several denials, but 

 as truth sooner or later prevails, our 

 assertion was soon alter indorsed by 

 several societies ol boe-keepei s. and 

 is now admitted as a posit ive fact. 



After bee. lining disgusted with glass 

 jars, in which candied homw does not 



look to the best advantage, we tried 



wooden pails; hut their capacity was 

 too large for retail. Then W6 used tin 

 pails, like those in which the workmen 

 Carry tlieirdiniier. These pails, weigh- 

 ing 10 lbs. gross, were found too large 



yet, so we divided them in pails hold- 

 ing "i lbs.. 2' . lbs., and 1 '. t lbs. gross. 

 These pails are now manufactured in 

 several States of the Union, where we 

 sent samples for patterns. We were 

 also led to have them manufactured 



for sale, and the increasing demand 

 for them shows that the sale of ex- 

 tracted honey is now comparatively 

 easy. Let me here advise you to adopt 



uniform sizes for these pails, as did 

 Mr. A. II. Newman, who sells the 

 same Sizes that we do. even if you have 

 a few cents more to pay per hundred 



to get the uniformity, for the uniform 



packing of an article tends to make a 

 staple of it. The manufacturers of 

 other articles sold in the groceries are 

 careful not to vary the size ; we bad 

 better imitate them in this respect. 



As a result of our efforts, we now 

 begin to foresee how large will be the 

 useof extracted honey in thiscountry. 

 Our extracted honey is every year 

 coming more and more into demand. 

 We have ascertained that a city of 

 12.000 inhabitants, in which it was at 



first difficult to sell 500 lbs. of extracted 



honey.can consume now ."i.ono lbs., yel 

 as it is less than a pound yearly for 

 every inhabitant, we can look for 

 greater sales in the future, lint to 

 obtain such increase in the demand, 

 we have to observe some precautions, 

 which may be thus enumerated : 



1. Do not put on the market unripe 

 or dirty honey ; have it well skimmed 

 and strained. 



2. Put it in clean tin pails, provided 

 with neat labels, indicating your ad- 

 dress and the weight, and warranting 

 its purity, proclaiming also that gran- 

 ulation is the best test of its purity. 



3. If you cannot sell your pails, put 

 some of them in the best groceries of 

 your neighboring towns, to be sold on 

 commission, and to lie returned if not 

 sold or not found as represented. 



4. Do not ask fancy prices. All our 

 crop of this year, a little above 14,00(1 

 lbs., will net about 12 cents a pound, 

 and we find that this price pays well. 



If most bee-keepers would adopt our 

 method, we predict that the honey 

 crop of this country would be easily 

 sold at home, even if it was ten times 

 greater than it is now. 



Hamilton, 111. Ciias. DADANT. 



Several members deprecated the use 

 of the word " strained " as applied to 



hoi iev, when •■ extracted '" was meant. 

 It was declared by many that when 

 honey was stored in large quantities, 

 the best of it was found to be at the 

 bottom of the cask. Any particles of 

 wax that there may be in the liquid 

 honey may be caught by skimming or 

 passing the lioney through a piece Of 

 cheese-cloth. 



Mr. Heddon has found that honey 

 will ripen after being taken from the 

 hive; he stores it in crocks, lie said 

 it is a great deal of trouble to the bee- 

 keeper to liquefy honey on a large 

 scale after it iscandied,and advocated 

 making a market for candied honey. 



Mr. Balch said that honey would 

 keep perfectly if kept in air-tight jars. 

 He recommended honey and honey- 

 candy for children, in preference to 



that for sale in the stores. 



President Cook said honey may be 

 extracted when green, if it is kept in 

 a warm, dry place, where it will ripen. 

 Mr. Muth's opinion was the same. 



Mr. Bingham showed a comb con 

 tabling capped honey, most of which 

 bad evaporated by reason of the 

 warmth of the hive. 



Dr. Ranney had found thai extracted 



bone] would lose nothing if well ri- 

 pened, and that thick honey would 

 absorb moisture. Some kinds of honey 



will candy much more quickly than 

 others. This honey will candy before 



that which is thick. 



Mr. Bingham insisted that honey 

 should be well ripened before being 

 put upon the market. He thought 

 that green honey would injure Che 

 market. 



Mr. A. I Root addressed the Con- 

 vention on 'Selling Bees by the 

 round." He said that it was a com 

 paratively new industry, and they are 

 shipped even long distances. A per- 

 son could commence the business of 

 keeping bees on a very small scale. 



He had known a half pound of bees 



and a good queen to make a good col- 

 ony by fall, and yielded some honey; 

 they were provided with combs. 

 Wlien whole colonies are sent by ex- 

 press, the frames should be wired, and 

 the expense of carriage was burden- 

 some. He can ship bees cheaper and 

 more safely in a small wire cage than 

 when in the hive. They were pro- 

 vided with water for drink and sugar 

 for food; this is better than honey. 

 The best way to introduce queens was 

 to buy a few bees with her and turn 

 them all loose on a few frames of 

 batching bees anil honey. He had 

 seen two pounds of bees and two 

 queens in the spring make 4 good col- 

 onies by fall. They had had good 

 care. The manner of putting the bees 

 in the traveling cage, is to put the 

 cage on scales and insert the small end 

 of a large tin funnel ; the bees arc then 

 shaken into the large end. The queen 

 is put in last. Mr. Jones considered 

 bees worth as much as si a pound be- 

 fore the harvest, and 50 cents after. 

 [Concluded next week.] 



Local Convention Directory. 



1 882 



Time and Place o] Meeting. 



11, U 



24.: 



Jan. 10— Cortland Union, at Cortland. N. Y. 



C. M. Bean, Sec, McGrawvllte. N. Y. 

 10 -Eastern N. Y.. at Central Hrldge, N. Y. 

 N. D. West. Sec, Mlddleburitti. N. Y. 

 Nebraska State, at Ashland. Neb, 

 Geo. M. Hawley. Sec, Lincoln, Neb. 

 is— N. w. nr ,ts. w. wis..at PreeporL III. 



Jonathan Stewart. Bee, Bock city. 111. 

 18-N.E. Wisconsin, at Berlin, Wis. 



T. K. Turner, Sec pro tern. 

 ^-Indiana Stat-', at Indianapolis, Ind. 

 25— Northeast* i.at Ulica. N. Y. 



Geo. W. House, Bee., Kayeuevllle. N. V. 

 April 11— Eastern Michigan, at Detroit. Mich. 

 A B. Weed, Sec, Detroit, Mich. 

 Texas State, at McKinney. Texas. 



Wni. H. Howard. Sec. 

 26. J7 -Western Michigan, at Grand ltaeids. 

 Wm. M. S. Dodge. See., Coopersvtlle, Mich. 



May Charupluin Vallev, at Bristol, Vt. 



T. Hrooklns, Sec. 



J.-,— Iowa Central, at Winterset. Iowa. 



Henry Wallace, Sec. 



IW In order to have this table complete. Secre- 

 taries are requested to forward full particulars of 

 time and place of future meetings.— El). 



To the Bee- Keepers of Indiana.— At 



the last meeting of the State Bee- 

 Keepers' Association, the Society was 

 changed to a delegate organization, 

 and one Vice President was appointed 



lor each countv of the State, whose 



duty should be 'to organize the various 

 counties into auxiliary County Asso- 

 ciations. I would, therefore, request 

 all persons interested in scientific bee- 

 culture, to unite in their respective 

 counties and organize themselves into 

 auxiliary county Associations, subject 

 to the State Association. Kach mem- 

 ber of the County Association by pay- 

 ing to the Secretary of bis County As- 

 sociation .',ii cents, becomes a member 

 of the State Association, and is en- 

 titled to the printed transactions of 

 the pro dings of the State Associa- 

 tion, thcrebv getting a full return for 

 all money 'invested. Each County 



Association will be entitled to one 

 delegate for every live members, and 

 one for every additional fraction of 



more than half id' this number. Copies 

 cd' the constitution and by-laws of the 

 State Association, together with any 

 other information in connection with 

 tin- organization can be had on appli- 

 cation' to the Secretary, Frank L. 

 Dougherty, at Indianapolis. The As- 

 sociation will meet at Indianapolis, 

 .Ian. L'l and 26. A full delegation ami 

 a good meeting is expected. 



.1 \s. 11. ORBAB, I'rts. 



dTThp annual meeting of the X. 

 W. Illinois and S. W. Wisconsin Bee- 

 Keepers" Association, will be held in 

 Temperance Hall. Freeport, Stephen- 

 son Co., 111., on .Ian. 17 and is. 1882. 

 Jonathan Stewart, >S'ec. 



<@r The Indiana state Bee Keepers 



Association is called to meet in annual 

 session, Wednesday ami Thursday, 

 Jan. 24 and 25, 1882, in the rooms of 

 the State Board of Agriculture. By 

 order of Executive Committee. 



