No. 4.] VARIETIES OF APPLES. 43 



order to nioct the requirements. As a general principle, wo 

 may say that markets are of two types, and that a very dirter- 

 ent list of varieties would be selected for these two types. 



There is first the general or wholesale market, where the 

 apples are handled in large quantities, and where the pro- 

 ducer never conies in touch with the consumer. The orchard- 

 ist growing for this market perhajis sells his fruit to a buyer in 

 the orchard, or loaded on the car, or he may ship it to a 

 connnission num. In any case, it is very much to his advan- 

 tage to have a large quantity of fruit of each variety. If he 

 has five hundred barrels of Baldwins, buyers are going to 

 hunt him uj) and bid for his fruit ; whereas, if his five hundred 

 barrels are distributed among the seventeen sorts mentioned 

 above, there would not be enough of any one kind to interest 

 the buyer ; and this same general consideration would hold in 

 any type of general market. If he is shipping to a commis- 

 sion man, one hundred barrels each of five sorts will sell for 

 more than five barrels each of one hundred sorts. As a rule, 

 a man chooses this type of market if he is some distance from 

 his market. If he is going to plant an orchard to cater to 

 such a trade, he ought, in my opinion, to select not over five, 

 and preferably about three, varieties. A less number than 

 this does not provide for cross-pollination, and does not allow 

 for the years when certain of his varieties will not bear. I 

 believe that for a steady income from such an orchard a 

 man is better off to have at least three varieties. 



The second type of market is the special or personal market. 

 Here the producer comes in direct or nearly direct communi- 

 cation with the consumer, — that is, he either peddles his 

 fruit, or at most sells it to the man who sells it direct to the 

 consumer. The grower perhaps runs a wagon of his own, or, 

 if he docs not do this, he sells to a grocery or fruit store which 

 sells to the consumer. In either case he is so near the con- 

 sumer that he gets the benefit of the good quality of his fruit, 

 or the blame for its bad quality. He gets personal customers, 

 who may say, " Yes, Mr. Jones, those apples we got last week 

 were fine ; I want some more like them." Or, to the grocer, 

 " When are you going to have some more of Mr. Jones's 

 apples ? " In either case Jones wants to be in a position to 



