No. 4.] DAIRYING. 71 



done. One man in particular made a good deal of fnn of 

 weighing every cow's milk; but be bad to do it or quit, and 

 he had sense enough to know that be bad better stay. That 

 man developed into one of the best men I ever had. lie be- 

 gan to study, and see the difference between two cows, one 

 giving a pailful weighing 18 pounds and another 24 or 2G 

 pounds. Then he went further, and saw the difference in 

 cows in regard to their milk, one milking fast and one slow, 

 and he developed into a very fine man. He is now tak- 

 ing charge of one of my farms. Through this weighing we 

 learned of two grade cows of quite ordinary ancestry, one of 

 which made a record in two successive years of over 43,000 

 pounds of milk, and the other a record for maximum daily 

 yield of 93^ pounds. The ability of the cows to do this was 

 very largely the result of the training which they had; and 

 their training was very largely dUe to the fact that the man 

 who had immediate charge of feeding them got his first edu- 

 cation in being forced to weigh the milk from individual 

 cows. 



To take up another question, another trouble with our 

 dairy business is that we are buying too much. When we 

 began purchasing enormous quantities of foods and grains, 

 they were very cheap. With the high price of labor and our 

 small families, and the difficulty of hiring labor, we began 

 of necessity to buy. Now it is entirely different, — $35 

 for what you can carry home in your buggy is an awful prob- 

 lem. By buying these foods we are keeping down the crop- 

 producing power of our dairy lands. The cheapest lands in 

 the east, when we consider the lands that have care and atten- 

 tion, are the dairy lands. The trucking lands of the State of 

 New York had an average value in 1809 of over $100; the 

 dairy lands had an average value of $40. I can take you to 

 lands that are renting for more money every year than the 

 average dairy farm will sell for, live stock thrown in, and 

 including the farmer. While the dairy farms have made 

 manure their first and essential value, they have not kept pace 

 in productivity with the trucking farms, where they have to 

 buy all their manure from the cities. The truck farmer had 

 to learn how to till and fertilize, or he could not exist. The 



