NEW HAMPSHIRE 



"About this time — 1800 to 1810— the apple orchards iii 

 towu wliich had been eai-ly set out, produced apples in 

 abundance, which were made into cider. Every man 

 had his orchard, and every tenth man his cider-mill. 

 Every well-to-do farmer put into his cellar yearly from 

 20 to 50 barrels of cider which was all drunk on the 

 premises. Col. John Bellows had an orchard of 30 

 a<Tes. the largest in town. In 1805 there were 4,800 bar- 

 rels of cider made and every drop drunk in town." 



At the present time a good many old and somewhat 

 nej^lected apple orchards are to be found, and these 

 often bear good crops of marketable fruit. At the 

 annual meeting of the New Hampshire Horticultural 

 Society in January, 1899, it was estimated that .$2,000,000 

 worth of apples were exported from the state in 1898. 

 Of these about one-half were raised in the two south- 

 eastern counties — Strafford and Rockingham. 



The varieties most commonly grown for export are 

 Baldwin, Rhode Island Greening. Northern Spy, 

 Fameuse, Blue Pearmain, Yellow Bellflower. and King. 

 The newer varieties are of course being introduced, but 

 very few large orchards are being set. Summer and 

 full apples are abundant for local consumption. 



Very little has been done in a commircial way with 

 the drupaceous fruits. Plums are sure, ■^sfllily 'i:iiv<(l 

 on a small scale. The Lombard is uimIi'iiI'I'MK iIm- 

 favorite variety, although the Japam-^, phnns ;i|i|,,,,,- 

 to be able to withstand the climati-. niid uir raphlly 

 growing in favor. 



Peaches are raised in a few somewhat isolated in- 

 stances, and it is worthy of note that the peach-growers 

 of five years ago are still in the hnsinr-ss. The intro- 

 duction of this fruit as a moinv rr..p i^ nf snch recent 



date that records are bard t ' >■':• •• i- r^tiniati'.l 



that three crops in live or p -r- is about 



the average production. INil, , ,,,,;, ,,, i.ti.-s will 

 be developed as time irni--- i.i: i . i.iim> iM-acli. m 

 New Hampshire si-.-.llin-. i~ :( -i. p m ilu, .lirrctiini. 

 Its originator descrili'- ii ^i^ Ikiiii; ■•.ij' -o,„i siz.- :iii.l 

 color, a freestone, \\i I li \ii\ \rll-i\s ;iiul soImI il,-sli uf 

 fine Havor." "It rijiriis in th.- s,.ulhrni part of lb.- 

 st:it,- ali..ut S.pt. 1(1. and is the hardiest in wood and 

 bud Mf aiiMhiiiu' yet fruited here." 



Mark, t ^'anlrriiiig and the raising of small fruits 

 re. 111.- s..im. attention, especially in the Merrimac 



Greenhouse gardening is carried on to a limited ex- 

 tent near the larger towns and cities. Flowers recei\ e 

 their full share of attention, but a good many winter 

 vegetables are still imported from the neighboring 

 state of Massachusetts. 



The New Hampshire Horticultural Society was 

 organized in December, 1893, and after a year of pros- 

 perity was granted an appropriation of three hundred 

 dollars a year by the legislature. This sum enabled 

 the society to hold an annual exhibit in each of tin- 

 two following years, and also several institutes indif- 

 ferent parts of the state. The legislature which met in 

 Jantiary, 1897, however, failed to make the appropria- 

 tion, and the society was compelled to rely upon its 

 officers and members to carry on the work. The annual 

 exhibits were then held in connection with the .state 

 Grange Fair. 



A department of horticulture was established at the 

 New Hampshire College of Agriculture and the Me- 

 chanic Arts, at Durham, in 1895 and has grown in both 

 usefulness and influence. 



With the two last-named powers for good, working 

 for the advancement of horticulture in the state, and 

 the fact that emigration from the farms to the cities 

 is rapidly decreasing, if not already reversed, it is to 

 be hoped and expected that within the next decade 

 New Hampshire will rank as a hortictiltnral state, 

 judged not so much by the gross amount of the output, 

 as bv the quality of her products, and the intelliirence 

 of the producers. j ^ pooRD. 



NEW JEBSEY, HOKTICULTURE IN. Fig. 1481. The 

 state of New -Jersev, situated as it is between the large 

 markets of Philadelphia on the one side and Newark, 

 Jersey City and Greater New York on the other, is almost 

 necessarily a market-garden and fruit-arrowing state. The 

 soils found in the different sections also contribute to this 



NEW JERSEY 1081 



end. In the northern part, disintegrating samlstone ami 

 slaty formations abound — a soil in which the peach dots 

 its best. The sandy soils of South Jersey make that part 

 of the state noted for its truck, berries, etc. Between 

 these two classes of soils are found others of all grades, 

 in one or another of which nearly every kind of fruit and 

 vegetable finds a congenial habitat. 



It is estimated that there are in New Jersey approxi- 

 mately 34,000 farmers. A little more than one-tenth of 

 these are engaged in commercial pomology — commer- 

 cial in that they are growing fruit for market, depending 

 on their fruit-product for the money-crop of the farm. 

 Those who have planted larger or smaller areas primarily 

 for home use, yet in good years have a surplus to dispose 

 of, are not included in our data. The total area repre- 

 sented is something over 41,000 acres, including all 

 counties of the state except Ocean, from which no com- 

 mercial orchards are reported, and gives an individual 

 average of 12H acres. This average acreage may be all 

 of one kind of fruit, or it may be two acres each of a 

 half-dozen kinds, as the case may be. Individual acre- 

 ages range from one acre in the case of berries to 100 

 and 150 acres for peaches. 



The fruit of fruits for the state is the peach. The area 

 ■ tree 

 1 the 



1481. Horticultural reeions 





named in order of importance, though with its present 

 rate of increase Sussex will soon be first in area. 



The second fruit in importance is the apple, although 

 the area devoted to its culture is a little less than one- 

 third that devoted to peaches. The otherfruits, in order 

 of importance in total areas, are strawberries, pears, 



