10S4 



NEW MEXICO 



importance at 

 the agricultural 



the other hand the late kinds, and espeoiallv tlie winter 

 apples, are more largely attacked liv this m'^ci-t 



The pear grows as wVll as th.- ,,,'., ,1.-. ),„, „,iti„ such 

 large areas. In most of tli.- :.|.|i|. -icm,,,.. .,.,t),,iis the 

 pear can be found in v.iv limit..,! .luantiii". ll.nvever 

 there is a bright futur,-" f..r a ,„•„;■ .•\i,.„sive cultiva- 

 tion of this fruit, as wherever it thrives it grows to a 

 large size, and is fine in quality. The pear blight, which 

 IS so bad in other states, is not in the way of pear cul- 

 ture in New Mexico. 



Perhaps the fruit tliut is s. 

 present is the peach, wlii.-li is 

 success throughout tin- t. nit. 

 districts of southern New ■\l.\i 



peach orchards are lo.-.it. .1, ,.:.! .i... m, .in, r illfVon 

 the lower RioGrande. Ii.i- III. i .. . .. ,. i ,. ., • „t ,1,™, 



From this valley ma„v , , , ,, . , ],„^ are 



shipped to the mark.i- . _ 1 , . m- and 



Colorado. The early -rip. mh- 1,11, i- - ., 1, , ilicA-Iex 

 ander, Waterloo, Hyncs Surprise, are the most success- 

 ful. This is due to the fact that, as a rule, the early- 

 ripening peaches bloom later than the late-ripening va- 

 rieties, and thus they escape the late spring frosts 

 which are so common in this territory and which are 

 often so fatal to the late peaches. The late spring frost 

 IS the worst drawback to peach-growing in New Mexico 

 No diseases or insect pests have yet threatened the 

 peach crop. 



While the apricot grows as well as the peach, and has 

 no insect enemies or fungous diseases, it has failed to 

 be a commercial success on account of its blooming too 

 early If some late-blooming variety could be found, 

 this fruit would, no doubt, be one of our best fruits to 

 grow. The trees grow to a great age. There are many 

 apricot seedlings on the lower Rio Grande that were 

 planted by the Mexicans forty or fifty years ago. 



The plum is making a place for itself in New Mexico. 

 It has been but a comparatively short time since plums 

 were considered to be of any importance, and even now 

 the areas planted to plum trees are very small. How- 

 ever, conditions are changing, and there is a growing 

 demand for them. The plum tree seems to be perfectly 

 hardy m this climate. The Japanese plums are vigor- 

 ous growers, but are not a success owing to the liabilitv 

 to late spring frosts. Their fruit huds s,.p,„ t,, ho stimti"- 

 lated to growing during the warm s|„.||s j„ K. l.nrirv 

 and March, and thus thev bloom l..t..i.- tl,, .i,,ii •. ,- ,.f 

 frost is over. On the other han.l. tl,, !•,■„, ,••-. ,/" ,„, , 

 tiea and Pntnus Americana vtiriiti, s tir, as a riili 

 late bloomers. The former group is gaining in popn- 

 larity throughout the territory. Imperial Gage, Yellow 

 Egg, Coe Golden Drop, Damson and German Prune seem 

 to be among the best varieties in the northern part of the 

 territory. In the southern part, the above-mentioned 

 varieties, with the addition of the Silver Prune, Clyman, 

 Pond Seedling, Jefferson, and Robe de Sergent are 

 among the best. 



Cherries grow well in the territory, but in the southern 

 part they do not grow as large nor as fine as thev do in 

 the northern part. 



Quinces and nectarines thrive in many of the horti- 

 cultural districts, but as yet they are only grown for 

 family use. 



Perhaps the distribution of the grape is less extensive 

 than that of the other fruits. Wherever the grape is 

 grown It thrives. The American varieties are not of any 

 commercial value. The fruit is usuallv small, bunches 

 loose, and vines are poor bearers. The' European kinds 

 are a success, and are the grapes grown for market. 

 Their culture is confined to the southern and hotter val- 

 livs. anrl ].a.Ti,-„i,,r!v to the lower Rio Grande vallev. 

 ' ' i:.::.!!.- ,.|,,iii,i in the commercial vineyards in 

 \ \1 i.n or El Paso grape, M'uscat of 



' li'ss the Gros Colman and Flame 



.'"':'■ ' '"" ' "■" "■-•■irebeingintroduced. The grape 

 IS tree trom fungous and insect pests. Even the phyl- 

 loxera has not yet made its appearance. The Mission 

 grape, which has been in cultivation for over a hundred 

 years, shows how free the grape is from any pests. The 

 only thing that injures the vines is the dry, cold win- 

 ters. In order to obviate this trouble the vines are 

 heeled up with earth 6 to 12 inches above the last 

 year s growth. The stump method of pruning is prac- 



NEW YORK 



ticed altogether in the grape culture, \ftemnfs have 

 been made to trellis the vines, but have not been verv 

 satisfactory. ' 



The small fruits are grown with more or less success 

 throughout the territory, but as yet they are of minor 

 importance in the horticulture of New Mexico. 



Fabian Gakcia 



NEW YORK, California and PInri.la mav be reckoned 



as the great h..fti..iili„r-il -T-.t.'^ It, r,,,'- ' r ■ 



which .-a,, I ,,,,^,, , ■,,,,,.,.,,,, ,..,,, "",■,', -I" '■"■'* 



Califonii,, , ■■ . ■ ■■, :.,..,, , ,, ,, ,,,', ."] ' "[':'■ 



ducts. N,' ' 1 ... i . , ,.,,,.,',,' ' '■ .'"'"'" 



of its Cotlin,, •,■,■,:,! I..,,':;, ■,,!,, ,,-,,, ,,,,, ,-■ ~l ~ i.'r [ " j, ' ",',■'. It 



growing must be a.l.lcl the vcrv extensile nursery busi- 

 -floyer growing, florists] plant-trade, seed-trade, 

 interests. 



In shape and p, 

 likened to a ship 

 Island) intheAtI, 



Lakes. Its coniii, , |,, ,. ,,,,,,., „.e m supreme A 



population of more li.u, mx „„.I,ou lives within its bor- 

 ders, and a million more are tributary to it in New 

 Jersey and Connecticut. It has more than 40 cities with 

 populations above 10,000. Great variety of soil and 

 surface invites a varied population. Water-power is 

 abundant and unfailing. All this means extensive mar- 

 kets for horticultural produce. 



The land area of the state is 30,476,800 acres, of which 

 about one-half is readily cultivtible. The .state has an 

 extreme length east and w, m ,,t 11 ' i.,,[, 1 and north 

 and south of about 310 mil, - I ,,',,'..11 „,..„ ;„ 



the southwestern part, th. 

 In the northeastern part at 



"1 'ik (Fig. 1483) may be 

 i'l. its rudder (Long 

 I • ,«■ touching the Great 



s'laciated. 



cud wt 



»rd 



entirely across the state, being pronounced and almost 

 mountainous m the southern half. The northern part 

 of the western half of the state is relatively level 

 although the tract from Syracuse to Lvons and 

 westward IS marked by very bold drumlins,-the work of 

 II,. t,, sheet. Thebar-beachof the geological Lake I ro- 

 .|u. 1- . xtends from near Niagara Palls to Oswego, par- 

 all. In, i; Lake Ontario at a distance of about 10 miles 

 Ihis Kculogical beach is a distinct physiographical fea- 

 ture known as "the ridge," and it is the location of one 

 of the notable highways of the state. This ridge marks 

 the southward imit of the best natural peach region. 

 There are fossil beaches on the F.ie s)„.r,. and these 

 are important to the grap, -,,, , ,,, - ,,i I'hautauona 

 county. (SeeTarr,"Geoloi.'„ ,! II ■ , ,l„ "hautTi 

 qua Grape Belt," Bull. 101.. , ,1 s.,., lJ 



Island IS a moraine, with at, ,,, 1. , , i.tmation on 



its south, and this latter area comprises i,iacticallv the 

 only flat land in the state. I .icmaiiy tne 



There are five great watersheds in the state. (1) the 

 !>t. Lawrence system, draining the Great Lakes and the 

 larger part of central and western New York. (2) The 

 Hudson syste,,,, ,,rai„i,„- ,he southern slopes of the 

 Adirondacks a„,l th,- Catskill hi^-hlands, with its great 

 tributary, tl„. Mohawk, whi,-!,. iu pre-glacial times? was 

 a part of the M. Ltiwrence system. (3) The Delaware 

 system, draining a part of the southeastern area into 

 Delaware bay. (4) The Susquehanna system, draining 

 some of the southern-central part into the Chesapeake 

 Iu'^'a,"', ■ ^''^^■^'^iPri system, which, by means of 

 tne AUegi. 1,, ,;i, ,. ,ir;,ii,s the extreme southwestern 



rnK ^fM ",' ' '""I"" ^"^^ <>'•''*'"' i"*° the 



, • , V " '" *"gW from it is Lake Erie, 



J f.^"",' """ ""' "' '■•'"•'•ence. Along the Hudson 

 and other larye .suvaius, special horticultural interests 

 have developed. The broad Mohawk vallev is one of the 

 most fertile parts of the state, and it is the site of the 

 hop and broom-corn industries. The shores of the cen- 

 tral New York lakes are the homes of highly developed 

 horticultural interests, particularly those of" Keuka and 

 beneca. These central lakes, of which Cayuga, the 

 largest, is 40 miles long and one to five miles wide, are 

 deep bodies and have great influence in ameliorating 



