1140 



.acid 



Potash . 



ol „; .>i|.- ■^ulfate of potash. 



,, T'il.- !.ii;ii ^i-iulesulfateof potash. 

 L 360 to 7UU lbs. muriate of potash. 

 *If euano is used, reduce the potash 33 per cent and 

 phosplioric acid 50 per cent, since guano contains large 

 centages of these elements. 



ScetZtnjr. — Seed-sowing in the field occurs in 

 upper districts 



the 



early as the first of April or a little 

 earlier, in the central district about the last of Febru- 

 ary, while in the Gulf region it may occur late in fall or 

 any time during the winter, being gauged largely by the 

 time required for the variety to mature, and the market 

 to be met. It is a good rule to put on an abundance 

 of seed, about twice as much as recommended in gen- 

 eral, especially in the Gulf region. Many fields suffer 

 from deficient stand more than from any other cause, 

 and in some years it is the only cause for an unprofi- 

 table crop. 



Sets. — (y'>"i\ frn|,s; mav he grown from sets, but the 

 labor iiivc.l\..l :mm1 r..-i ..f the "seed" is usually so 

 great as i^' ; i' ' ■ n mtu planting them. In using 



sets thev - 1 1 .1 Lted into three or four grades, 



the lariri ' i ; n;.' earliest and the smallest 



last. In iriii-i ' '-' - "i> -riiallest sets grow such inferior 

 Onions that tin \ « .miM Litter be discarded. This takes 

 for grand. I thn ih,- ^. i^ were all grown at the same 

 time and fn.m th. >:nii.- M-i-d in one field. 



Growing SrU. — SeiirW all the sets used in the South 

 are shipped in, while tliey may be grown as well here 

 as anywhere. In the Gulf region there is time enough 

 to grow a crop of sets after the northern crop has been 

 harvested and marketed. Thus in ease of shortage in 

 northern-grown sets, it is entirely practicable to ship 

 the seed south, grow sets, and ship sets back in time 

 for spring market. 



The New Onion Cu!(«re. -Much has been written 

 and spoken about raising the plants in a seed-bed and 

 then transplanting to the field. While this may be prac- 

 ticed successfully, the greater quantity of Onions is 

 raised by the old-fashioned method, i. e., by seeding in 

 the drills where the plants 

 are to mature bulbs. 



In certain localities it is 

 advantageous to plant out a 

 seed-bed before the general 

 field will permit working, 

 and then transplant as soon 

 as all conditions are favor- 

 able. In the upper districts 

 of the South, seed may be 

 sown in hotbeds as early as 

 the first of February, 'and 

 the pl.ants ra.iy usually be 

 ..ui l.y tlir tirst of April. 

 ilii- .■.'■r,tr:il South, seed 

 . \n- ^.-wii in protected 

 r,,l,lrr:nii.- as early as the 

 middle of December, or in 

 an open bed in February. 

 The earlier plants may be 

 transferred to the field by 

 the last of February, or as 

 soon as danger from frosts 

 is past. In the Gulf region 

 the seed may be sown dur- 

 ing the fall in an open bed. 

 and transplanting to the 

 field may occur when plants 

 are of proper size and favor- 

 able condition of weather prevails. 



Harvesting is often attended with considerable diffi- 

 culty, and in some cases special drying houses have to 

 be constructed to secure the crop in first-class condi- 



1538. Creole On 



ONOCLEA 



tion. The crop is a perishable one, and must be pulled, 

 gathered and shipped in as short a time as possible, 

 when sufiiciently mature. 



There seems to be no generally accepted plan for 

 marketing, the crop being placed in boxes, barrels or 

 bags for shipping. 



rarie/te.v.— The following varieties have given good 

 crops in the hands of expert growers and may be recom- 

 mended for the entire South : White Bermuda, Red 

 Bermuda, Prizetaker, Yellow Danvers, Giant White 

 Italian, Giant Bocco, and Large Tripoli. Other varieties 

 than those named here hMvc o'iv.-ii n< ?..<..! ,.r better re- 

 turns, but do not seem t.. Ln . i... .i ,,,_-, n,,,iiy success- ■ 

 ful. In addition, arc I ; i . i ulf region 



and Red WethersfleM i ii-trict. 



i>(senscs. -Black .M"|.; 1/- , . ,. rrr,\: This 



disease spreads rapidly (.»vcr the fiehl, esiu-cially late in 

 the season. Some good may be done by spraying with 

 Bordeaux mixture, but its application is limited almost 

 to the .lis.as,.,l pcrtion. 



SlNiiT /- ,.-,. •,,,,.■, : TI).' li:ilri.- of this fimgus, 



sniiii . ■ :. : ill that can be done 



is t M . : ; ' . , ; . : , . i . ! t . . SOW Seed f roiu 



sniui id'Hi- I-,-- ■11 M II southern- grown 



OniMii.s l.r.nijjlit. I., yiici ■ i I ■■ iir less infected. 



Rotting is especial I V ■ ' i s.asons when the 



crop cannot be prnp. i i , . umI is caused by a 

 number of fungi. I'.i-i i :- to store in a dry 



place, and consume a < — n m- |-i a. i ir,ii,le. 



/« scc/s.— Onion fly. cr (liii..n iiiaLriiot, is one of the 

 mo.st severe pests when it enters the field. There 

 seems to be but little encouragement in combating the 

 pest. It oftt-n leaves the field as mysteriously as it 

 appcartal. Tlii-- (|]sa)-[M-arancehas been coincident with 

 the a|.|'la,iti..ii ..i ~,<\,u- sii|.|,.,sed remedy, and has con- 

 sec|ui riily I'.l I., tli.- i a r..iii iiunding of unreliable reme- 

 dies. .\ ila.raiL'h a|.|.la atii.u of ground tobacco stems 

 down til.- \..\-. s..,!,,, t.i ait as an insecticide and a repel- 

 lent. 1,. -,.l. s l„ I,,- ,,f \ all..- as a fertilizer. 



Thiips; 'I'ti.^f In-ii-r- at rack the leaves at times, and 



bee. ill,.' sii liiiiii. I s as t.i .-ause the tips to turn brown 



anil liiialK iii .ti-..\ ilii \^liiil.• leaf. Besides the insect 

 iniui-. I'm ■;- 11 'li. a. i.ii- -ui-li ftingi as Macrospo- 

 rii'iiii I ill, >M iiiai.il successfully with 



kefii • I ' I [i i .ii t a,ii. resin wash and 



possihli ;■, HI, I.,. ,i.-. hi- iM,t. ,■ iiiLxture. p. H. RoLFS. 



onObrychis 



also applied 



■■■ ■■<- ■' , /.■,' ,..■,*■'-'. This 



genus iTi.-liiil. ■.,,:.;:■ , . ■: ~ , ■ ■.,11 or Holy 

 Clov.r. h 1 , ■ ' ', ■ - a foot or 



tw.i l,iL-li. aii.i ■. ■ , ,,•■■ , ■■!■ -■, :,.', ■■hliiii- iris, forming 

 an i'il I 1 I ' ■!■ I i, .i,i..s .,1 iikIu pnik lis., borne 

 in -'., : |i.aluucles. Its stipules are 



tint, ,, , ,, The pod is semi-circulan, 



flat 1 1 ., ;. a,, ; ill. red with short prickles or 



teeth. ^.iiiiiDiu ..liinn.- a limestone soil, and in the 

 U. S. is grown chiefly in the southern states. In 

 some sections it is considered indispensable, as it in- 

 creases the flow of milk. The seeds are thought to be 

 more nutritions than oats, and are eaten by fowls. A 

 humlre.l |.i. mills y,i seed is sown to the acre. 



viciaefolia. S.-..|,. \0. safim. Lam. Hedfisarum OnSb- 

 rr/.-/...- N.i'k.. Sainfoin or S.iiNTFOix. HoLV Ci-o- 

 VEH. H.^si-nli. .1 at...ve. Eu., Asia. For a picture and 

 furtliir iiir.iniiati..n. see Bull. 2. Div. Agrost. U. S. 

 Dept. .if .\i.-ri.-.. l.y .Jared G. Smith. 



ONOCLfiA 



alluding 



o sorts 

 closely 

 s. For 



sensibilis, Linn. Sensitive-fern. Fig. 1.^39. Our 

 native species, with broad triangular Ivs., growing in 

 low, wet places. l. m. Underwood. 



Onoeleas are tenacious of life, and will grow under 

 almost any conditions, especially O. sensibilis, but 



