1150 OPUNTIA 



tionately slender branches : stems about three-fif tbs of 

 an inch in diam., with rough, fissured or craelsed, gray- 

 ish brown or lead-colored bark, the terminal joints peu- 

 cil-Iilte, 3-10 in. long and ]4-}4 in. wide: areolae on 

 young growth with sparse white wool and few bristles, 

 on older growth the bristles are very numerous and 

 somewhat spine-like; spines 3-5, spreading, about ii in. 

 long, grayish: fls. 1 in. wide, red: fr. pyriform, 1-l^i in. 

 long, scarlet-proliferous, rarely fertile. Brazil. 



37. D4rwinii, Hemsl. A small, numerously jointed, 

 prostrate, ramifying plant a few inches high: joints 

 globose to broadly obovate, 1% in. in greatest diam., 

 ■olive-green : areolse with yellowish wool and few bristles ; 

 spines rigid, l}^-2 in. long, the lower ones shorter and 

 darlier: (is. only on top of terminal joints, 1-lK in. wide, 

 yellow: ovaries as large as the joints. Southern S. 

 America. 



38. diadem&ta, Lem. (O. papyraedntha, Phil.). A 

 low, moderately branched, spreading plant, rarely more 

 than 4 in. high and forming dense patches several feet 

 in diam.: joints 1-1}^ in. long and nearly as thick, glo- 

 bose to broadly clavate, usually growing several in suc- 

 cession, one above the other, young growth bright green, 

 soon becoming grayish : areola with abundant white 

 wool and brownish black bristles; spines 1-2, papery, 

 flexible, white or brownish with darker tips, one-fifth { ?) 

 in. long and half as wide: fls. ratjier small, pale yellow. 

 Argentine Republic. 



39. pulchSUa, Engelm. A small, spreading, numerously 

 branched plant, seldom more than in. high: joiuts as- 

 cending, 2i4 in. long and K in. thick, obovate to clavate: 

 areolae crowded, with white wool, and yellowish bristles 

 which become more numerous and larger with age; 

 spines 10-15, of variable length, the central one flattened, 

 flexible, somewhat papery, 1 in. long: fls. from the top 

 of the joints, purplish to rose-red, 1-1 J-^ in. wide: fr. 

 broadly clavate, 1 in. long, with long, hair-like, flexible 

 white spines, dry. Nev , Ariz. 



40. clav&ta, Engelm. A low, spreading plant, 4-G in. 

 high, forming dense mats of ascending joints 4-5 ft. in 

 diam. : joiuts 1-3 in. long and 1 in. thick, armed with nu- 

 merous short, flat spines : areolfe with white wool and 

 rigid, white bristles; exterior spines 6-14, white, H-/4 in. 

 long, interior 4-7, larger, flattened, scabrous and }^-lH 

 in. long, 1 of the central spines usually very broad: fls. 

 yellow, \% in. wide: fr. long-clavate, yellowish, dry, 

 lii-lK in. long, armed with many white radiating 

 bristles. Nev., New Mex. 



41. Grihamii, Engelm. A low, spreading plant 4-8 in. 

 high, Willi thick, fusiform roots: joints 2-.'l in. long and 

 % in. thick, armed with long, dark spines, bright green: 

 areolae with white wool and numerous long, yellowish 

 brown, rigid bristles which become very conspicuous on 

 old joints; exterior spines 4-8,!^ in. long, interior 4-7, 

 more rigid and 'longer (lH-2 in.), reddish to ashy 

 brown: fis. yellow, lH-2 in. wide: fr. ellipsoidal, 1J^-1?4 

 in. long and half as wide, armed with many large, radi- 

 ating spine-like bristles. New Mex., Tex. 



42. Sch6ttii, Engelm. A wide-spreading, prostrate 

 plant, 4-B in. high, with numerous short,curved branches: 

 joints short-clavate, rarely more than 2 in. long and 

 aruied with numerous dark-colored spines : areolae with 

 white wool and very few bristles; exterior spines &-10, 

 very variable, % in. long; interior usually 4, fiattened 

 or irregular, lK-2 in. long, brownish red: fls. greenish 

 yellow to reddish, IH in. wide: fr. short-clavate, the 

 numerous areolae covered with white wool and many 

 short bristles. Texas, Mexico. 



43. fimoryi, Engelm. A prostrate and s|,n.;i.liim' I'l'mt 

 with comparatively large, Iong-cla\ u. , rmv.-l i.int-. 

 and reaching a height of 8-12 in.: jimi- 1-7 in. Lmi; 

 and I-IV^ in. thick, with large. cLiii-at.-.l tulnnli^ : 

 areola remote, with white wool and a tew long I ?, in.) 

 yellow bristles; spines numerous, exterior 10-20, K in. 

 or less long, very bulbous at base; interior 5-10, brown- 

 ish to reddish black, more or less flattened and some- 

 times 3 in. long: fls. yellow, reddish within. VA-2 in. 

 wide: fr. ellipsoidal, yellow. 2-2H in. long and 1 in. 

 wide, armed with numerous bristles and spines. South- 

 western U. S., northern Mex. 



OPUNTIA 



44. invicta. Brand. A numerously branched, spread- 

 ins; plant, 10-14 in. high, bluish green ami armed with 

 many rigid, erect spines: joints 4-6 in. I >ii_' :iii'i :_' _''.^ 

 in. thick, nearly cylindrical: areola-" .'i : i il 

 and yellowish red bristles; spines ir. ' . i i ■ '■ il'. 

 K in. or less long; interior 10-15. \'i. -ii.nu :iih1 

 rigid. 1-2 in. long, more or less flatteniil : rts. yill.nv, 

 1/^-2 in. wide: fr. broadly obovate, dry, armed with 

 numerous reddish spines and bristles. Lower Calif. 



45. B&Tisii, Engelm. and Bigel. A procumbent, spread- 

 ing shrub, with firm, woody skeleton, 1-2 ft. high : 

 joints 4-7 in. long and %-% in. thick : areolai with 

 short, white wool and numerous straw-colored bristles; 

 spines usually 8-13, exterior !^ in. or less long; interior 

 4-7, triangular, brownish, with lighter tips, %-lj4 in. 

 long, very loose-sheathed : fls. greenish yellow, 2-2 U 

 in. wide: fr. clavate, 1 in. or more long, often sterile, 

 spiny. Tex. to Calif. 



46. acanthoc&rpa, Engelm. and Bigel. An arborescent, 

 erect plant, 4-8 ft. high, with dense reticulate-tubular 

 skeleton and ascending, spreading branches : jnints 

 usually 4-10 in. long, sometimes 20, and 5-4-1 in. in 

 diam. : areolse with short, white wool and scanty bright 

 yellow bristles; spines very variable in length and 

 numbers on different plants, usually 8-25, IK in. or less 

 long, with loose straw-colored or brownish sheaths: 

 fls. greenish yellow, with reddish centers, conspicuous 

 for stamens with stout red filaments, IK-IK in. wide: 

 fr. subglobose to pyriform, 1 in. in diam. and usually 

 armed with many long, stiff spines. Ariz, and Calif.— 

 A factory has been established at Tempe, Ariz., where 

 the wood of this species is made into light furniture, 



47. echinocirpa, Engelm. and Bigel. A low, spreading 

 shnilp. with reticulate woody skeleton, rarely exceeding 

 l'/4 ft. iu height: joints lM-3 in. long, rarely 4-6 in., 

 % in. thick, somewhat clavate: areolae with short white 

 wool and a few coarse, straw-colored bristles: spines 

 very variable in length and number, exterior 8-16, IH 

 in. or less long; interior usually 4 forming across, I-IK 

 in. long, with loose white or straw-colored sheaths: 

 fls. greenish yellow, lii-1% in. wide: fr. depressed- 

 globose or hemispherical and armed with many long 

 (1-lK in.) spines on the upper areolae. Utah, Ariz, and 

 Calif. -The fruit of this species, like most others with 

 dry fruit, ripens in the early summer, while most spe- 

 cies with fleshy fruit do not mature them until fall or 

 the following spring. 



48. Bernardina, Engelm. A slender, branched, upright 

 shrub, 3-5 ft. high, usually with several long, straight 

 stems arising from the base: joints 4-24 in. long and 

 % in. thick, armed with numerous short spines: areola} 

 with grayish white wool and numerous yellow bristles; 

 spines yellow or brownish, 8-14, usually with inconspic- 

 uous sheaths, % in. or less long ; fls. greenish yellow, 

 1-lK in. wide: fr. obovate, 1 in. long, armed with nu- 

 merous rather short spines. S. Calif. 



40. serpentina, Engelm. A prostrate, rarely ascending, 

 s|.ariii;,-lv liiaiirln-d shrub, a few inches to 2 ft. in 

 hfiijlit: JMiuts much elongated, 6-20 in. longand Vi-\ in. 

 thick: uni.hi' with short, white wool and whitish bris- 

 tles: spines comparatively short, usually .-9, sometimes 

 15 or more, yellowish or rusty, K in. or less long- fls. 

 greenish yellow, 1-1^ in. wide: fr. hemispherical, }4-% 

 in. in diam., armed with numerous .short spines and 

 long woolly hairs S. Calif., Lower Calif. 



50. prolifera, Engelm. An arborescent, thick-stemmed 

 plant, 3-8 ft. high, with numerous horizontal, spread- 

 ing branches, the erect trunk sometimes 8 in. in diam.: 

 jniiit^ -.hort-cyiindrical, rounded attlic en !- . \' i\ -n. . u- 

 i. nt. iiiniid and readily detached, lni-' - )u. 

 l.in- an. I 1^-2 in. thick: areola) wiU, unl 



i.n el.lcr j(>ints with numerous straw m .1 ii: lir^; 



>pint-5 variable, usually 6-10, with .-..n-i n mn,-, I.--... 

 vellowish or rustv sheaths and mudi i.ai i.. .1. u-nally 

 about 1 in. long: fls. IJi-lH in. wide. L-reeni^li rd: fr. 

 subglobose, %-'\H in. in diam., light -reen, w ith few 

 small spines and bristles, pendulous in cluster-, fre- 

 quently sterile. Calif.. Lower Calif. 



51. Kl^da, Engelm. A numerously branched arbores- 

 cent plant, often 10-12 ft. high, with erect trunk 8-14 in. 



