the hifrh pine-laud at Delainl, prulit has been found in 



.2.450,000 

 .3,761.843 

 .3,400,000 



1896-97 250,000 



897-98 216,579 



898-99 225,000 



899-1900 400,000 



1900-1901 1,000,000 



Many groves in Orange county and northward have 

 been brought into fair condition by banlsing the trunks 

 with earth during the winter so as to limit the injury by 

 frost, and if another series of frostless winters lilie 

 those between 1870 and 1880 were to occur, these groves, 

 with others newly planted, would gain sufficient age and 

 size to defy the ordinary frosts and make this region 

 again productive. Many acres have recently been 

 shedded over with slats or canvas — usually removed in 

 summer — and, thus pro- 



-Hi 







tected from the cold, 

 promising larger 



the he 



quired to l)uild the sheds 

 -from $000 to $1,000 per 

 acre. Figs. 1555-6. They 

 are usually heated during 

 the coldest nights, either 

 with open wood fires or 

 "•i3fV ,v-'!2t*»6, ■"'"*■' stoves burning coke or 

 al^«S^^"'~■■■•*':^■f3■■■^ coal. The most extensive 

 , . " ""'■ - shedding operations are 



iJ^Z^l^.tlfr^^JlT^i''' tlios^ «f ■Jo'i'i B. Stetson, 

 an Oranee tree from cold ^j Deland, who has .-iT 

 It has a board top and^doth ^^^^^ covered, various sys- 

 tems of protection being 



light. 



different 



plots. 



The Orange has been grown on the most varied soils 

 in Horida, but successful groves have been mainly on 

 "high hammock" and "high pine," and the greatest 

 profit, as a rule, has been from the hammock groves, 

 where seedling trees came into bearing much earlier 

 than on pine-land, and both seedling and budded trees 

 produce more abundant crops. 



The Orange groves of California and Arizona are sub- 

 jected to greater winter cold than those of Florida, but 

 suffer comparatively little damage from it, since the 

 winters are more uniformly cool and dry and tlie trees 

 are consequently dormant, while the usual warmth of a 

 Florida winter keeps vegetation constantly in more or 

 less active growth, and hence more sensitive to sudden 

 frosts. Thus in 1894-5 not onlv Orange trees but peach 

 and mulberry trees and old Wistaria vines — all hardy as 

 far north as Canada when dormant— were frozen to the 

 ground. The mean temperature has changed little, if 

 at all, during this alternation of mild and frosty cycles 

 of years; indeed, the mean of maximum and minimum 

 observation taken daily at Mount Dora, Fla , for six 

 comparatively frostless years prior to 1880 was half a 

 degree F. colder than the mean of six years of injurious 

 frosts subsequent to 1886. 



The Orange tree i 

 soils best adapted t.i it- 

 advantage large auii.uni 

 vided the ammonia i^ ha 

 care is taken to avi.id 

 materials containing nit 

 and dried blood. 



On the moister grades of hammock land, such, for ex- 

 ample, as those bearing the fine groves near the Manatee 

 river, it is considered unsafe to give more than 10 

 poundsof commercial fertilizera year, even to the oldest 

 bearing trees, on account of its liability to produce dis- 

 ease; and additional sulf.ite of potash is used, even 

 with standard brands of fertilizer rich in potash. On 



gross feeder, and in the sandy 

 s culturi- in Florida can use to 



Is nf iiii-rcial fertilizer, pro- 



il.iiMcd 1,\ abundant potash and 



an IX. CSS <if crude fermentable 

 such as cottonseed-meal 



but the average 



) to 30 pound 

 n fo $i0to$.j 



In t 1 llj f 

 ofi t 1 til 



to th r J e nt p 

 may be ol erved at tl ] 

 the coa t for example where < 

 tl e bea h en Is n d, th cket ( 

 trees At s ha pla tl 

 a gle of 4o degree 1 h 



the sea on a d y di 

 be seen blow ng o I 



teep a gle grai II 

 tl k a I t I 



The re ult of I i 

 po ed wholly ot hi 

 art les ac or 1 j 

 cal cha i ter t is 

 great eacl of wh 

 act on upon the ve 

 tl e o 1 cai al 1 t I 

 puzzle to the new 

 1 o foun 1 



I leted of humus, 

 r n p 1 c ng 



I er ment a seed 



I I feundaj for 

 ze of an average 



! celel rate 1 for its 

 js — a d bore four 

 1 e expected from 



1 r Flor da are 



a e CO po ed 



I a and carr ed 



I Tl e process 



I A land 



1 of the 



le el 



a o 1 com- 



1 rt tl ese 



11 In'd 

 ts re- 



ral g 



lot 



flatv 



pra re en 1 

 land be ^ an abundant 

 1 e oak h ko e ma^n 

 and f not less than A or 4 

 for Oran e culture The 

 woo 1 g th the better tl 

 An elevat n of 8 10 feet 

 lower ban nock 11 e w r 

 In i n n ne for hardw o 1 



o-r wth of tl 



u table 



suitable for Orange culture; the larger the pines the 

 better the land. If the pines are intermixed with willow- 

 oaks and an occasional hickory and cabbage palmetto, 

 the land is sometimes called half-hammock, and such 

 land is more fertile than ordinary pine land. Blackjack 

 oaks, on the contrary, are an indication of poverty of 

 soil. 



