t'sefuU 



of California pears. 



. ir r,,i,.> f'liiits.and 



smoothly overlapping tips of the clusters with no sts 

 showing. 



Pears at the East are packed in barrels, half hurj 

 or kegs, or in some of the various peach packages. 

 California they are all wrapped in paper and are ci 

 fully packed in 40-pound 

 boxes. 



Until within the last 

 few years the barrel was 

 the almost universal ap- 

 ple package, and it is 

 still used for handling 

 the great bulk of the 

 crop. Early, perishable 

 kinds have, however, 

 long been shipped in the 

 various peach packages. 

 Recently, the growers of 

 the Pacific coast have led 

 the way in packing win- 

 ter apples in boxes. 

 They are wrapped after the ma 

 Some eastern growers are find 

 to follow this western fashion i 

 it seems probable that the belli r , i-lis at 



least will come more and more »<■ i' - mailer 



packages. In Boston, a bushel !.■ \ - i i lUufor 

 apples and other products. Fig. li.lJ. In i..i.kiiifj apples 

 in barrels it is customary to place the first one or two lay- 

 ers by hand, turning the stem ends all down. This is 

 called facing. The barrel is now filled, a basketful at a 

 time, by lowering the basket into the b.arrel and carefully 



turning out the fruit. The burr.! i-; -ilialvrn a>iuiiallv 



so as to settle down the fniif. an.l when tin- 1..|. is rcarl,,.,! 



into place with considcralil.- l-r.-. a |wn_- 1, ^n- ,„■ a so- 

 cial barrel pre^^ i,. ;i _■■;-. .i :-[■■' ;•,::--', 'I'ln' i.at r. 1 

 is now turned "1 ■ '■'" i- ni.Mke.l 



as the top, so tli;i ■,,. l. ■ l:i:i> l.e r\|iMs, ,| 



on opening. F..r ■ '-■ i unir -, \ aii-iii- .i|HM -^^ ,.ik it \ .■ni i- 

 lated barrels are in use. Fi;;. Inl.;. 



The requisites for the proper packing of any fruit or 

 vegetable are: |1) that the package selected be inex- 

 pensive, attractive, favorably known in the market, and 

 suited to carrying the given product in L-cod ci.nilition: 

 (2) that great care be taken in a- m!!!.-, - ■ tl.i: ail, 

 goods of one even quality go in ■ 

 skill be used in so placing the i," ' 

 <ivonly and solidly filled, thus prrM i i - j M,. -I, h i m- nal 



pa;onia 



The highest grade of n.^.s, r.>]„.-iaily of Ir 



This fact is now fully recog- 

 , ,, , ~j r , nized by all progressive grow- 



.a J. Ventilated barrel. ' ^ = ,, _ ^ 



ers. p. S. Earle. 



/'./. ;,iii,/ /7(ii(e«.— While flowers should not be 

 crushed by being crowded in shipment, it is more 

 often that damage is done by their being too loosely' 

 packed and being able to move and shake against one 

 anotlic-r. In this wav the petals are often damaged. The 

 Harri-ii nil r,r.-,-iil,,rum lilies, in fact all the true 

 lilie^i. I ' ' ■ ''ti.'ult of all flowers to pack. They 

 shoiil.l i liar no part of the flower will touch 



eitlnr ' -ides of the box. Several dozen 



spik.-s III i, I , .; ;. ji iher and if the flowers are closely 

 iiitiivv i I I lo no harm to each other as they 



will all I If this plan is not followed then 



tiny II' . n veloped in cotton batting. 



Onliiil., |i Ilia 111 II Iv ,,f the Cattleya type, are difficult 

 to pack Imt ti-avel finely if each spray is fastened to 

 the bottom of the box. Wrap a piece of soft paper around 

 the stem and fasten to the bottom of the box with a 

 small staple 



PaiDfiKIA (Latin, pffi?".'. I. ail Mm II : nriirin.- r.. 

 /' ' '/,,!. liubidcece, Fm' ; i. al 



-i.iaii-^ r Winers, mostly rial \' i lii- . ami 



111'' Malay Archipelago, but .' ■ ; r a ',, ai ami 



one In.m Brazil. I', (■ii..:.. ■ ,' ,| j,i i; W. 

 Oliver at the U.S. F.-i n-. i ' ", ' ,,-t„n, D. C. 

 Oliver writes ("Pla, ■ i , :- '. it is "usu- 

 ally grown as a ~i" ' ^ ' ml.cr, but it 



is hardier than i^ Laiarill\ - ijijn-. il, it is rather 

 an attractive-looking but not frce-1. looming vine. The 

 leaves, or any part of the plant, when bruised emit a 

 nio-st offensive odor. Cuttings should be put in anytime 

 after the growths are matured." 



Paederias are slender plant- h - mi iii-iii , i an U in 

 whorls of 3, petioled : fls. in ' : 'I i.:i' ''liii- 

 chotomous or trichotomou>l> s, 



bracfeolate or not; corolla i','":li( m i anin i -na [a .1 ; 

 thront glabrous or villous; l..l.e.~ -1-,'.. xal\aie, wnli m- 

 riexeil, crisped margins, tipoften;Mobed. Distinguished 

 111. Ill allied genera by the 2-locular ovary and 2 capillary, 



io'Tida. Finn, nFiFron^ or nenrh- ^o- Iv;. opposite, 



F.SOKIA (after the mythical physician Paeon ). Samin- 

 uldce(r. Peony. Pinky. P-bony. Peonies are among 



lie iliizen cmnnionest anil best hardy herbaceous per- 



A na I imimili 1 111 1 'ar Mli' n 'a - r . l;<i"l- I li e' k ened to form 



pound or ilissected; sepals 5, persistent ; petals con- 

 spicuous, broad, 5-10, but doubling may take place in 

 any species by the numerous stamens becoming petals: 

 carpels 2-5 on a fleshy disk; follicles dehiscent; seeds 

 large, fleshy. Common garden forms are shown in Figs. 

 IfiU, 11)15. Extended accounts of the genus are by J. G. 

 Baker in Gatd. Chron. II., 21:732; 22:9 (1884), and R. 



1614. 





I. Lynch, in Journ. Royal Hort. Soc. 12:428 (1890). f 

 botanical monograph by E. Huth, occurs in Engier'i 

 Jahrbiicher.Vol. 14(1891'). According to Peter Barr.everj 

 species mentioned in Index Kewensis has been intro 

 duced to cultivation in Europe, except P. obovala, > 

 native of Manchuria, which Mr. Barr hopes to obtain by i 

 personal visit to China. K. c. Davis. 



