PEA 



planter more dependent iipou the ability and lionesty of 

 liis seedsman. 



Some of the most distinct types of the hundreds of 

 varieties of garden Peas are: 



(1) The earliest kinds, such as Alaska and First and 

 Best, which produce early-maturing, comparatively 

 small pods filled with Peas of rather low quality, on 

 vines about 2 feet high. 



(2) A long list of dwarf -growing sorts like American 

 Wonder (Fig. 1656 1 and Premium Gem, which produce 

 small- or medium-sized pods generally crowded with 

 Peas of fine quality on vines ranging from 6-18 inches 

 in height. 



(;f) A large class like Strategem and Heroine, which 

 produce very large pods containing large, rich-liavored 

 Peas on thick, heavy vines growing 18-:j0 inches high. 



(4) Lastly, there are the taller growing sorts, like 

 Telephone and Champion of England (Fig. 1658), which 

 vield large crops of large- or medium-sized pods on vines 

 growing from 4-6 feet high. 



In :ulditi"n t.i the above-named sorts grown exclu- 

 sivily f..ru~i a- ;;rien Peas, there are a number of kinds 

 wilh lijirih , \ i:,'(ir')us, tall-growing and usually branched 

 vines whiVli inuiluce in great abundance smooth, hard 

 Peas wliii'h are used when ripe for split Peas or other 

 form of "soup stocks" or for stock-feeding; though 

 some of them, like the Marrowfats and the "Turkey" or 

 French Uanner. are quite extensively used for canning, 

 most of the celebrated Petit Pois of Prance being put 

 up from the last-named variety. In field culture for 

 stock the ground should be made ready in the fall and 

 the surface simply "fined" with a cultivator, disk or 

 gang plow in the spring. As early as the surface can 

 be got into good condition sow broadcast, carefully cov- 

 ering with a gang plow or disk harrow, from IK to 3 

 bushels of seeil to the acre, according to the variety 

 used; or they can be put in rows better with an ordi- 

 nary grain drill. .ijnividcd it he <if a i.attciii with the 



PEACH 



1227 



tlriU. It is g,-i 



,gba 



-..wllig, 

 L-d to ad- 



vantage when the jdants are an inch or two high. The 

 crops should be harvested before the vines are so ripe 

 that the Peas will waste by shelling, and it can be done 

 by pea harvesters, which are attachments to ordinary 

 niawins; iiiacliines, or cut and "rolled" into windrows or 

 bunfhes witl] a sliort scythe. They are easily threshed. 

 The i.rilinarv vhld is from 20 to 50 bushels to the acre. 

 W, W. Tracy. 

 PEA. Everlasting P., Latltijfns Jalifolhi.i. Blory P., 

 Cli.tifthiis Ji.n„,.i,rl. Hoary P., Pigeon P., COkihis 

 Ii„l„ ,is. Scuriy P., Psumlen. Sweet P., LntUiimx odo- 

 ratiis and Si<;;l Pta. 



PEACH. Plate XXVI. The Peach is essentially a lux- 

 ury. Its cultivation is attended with much risk. The 

 areas in which it can be grown with success are scattered, 

 p.irticularlv in the ncrthern states. The Peach is tender 

 to frost, a.i.l the liability of til- hu.ls and Mosvnns to 



fru.t. Stra.i-.-lv .• 

 in the .South tliaii 

 likely to be swolh- 

 em winter, and to 

 northeastern stati 

 cbieHy bv iniklii.- 



!-lls" of the south- 

 n freezes. In the 

 s are determined 

 •rature. Thcv lie 



Wl 



of 



the Unite 



grov 



commercial regions are relatively few. (im- ot tli.sc re- 

 gions lies in proximity to the southeniniovf ni. ml"!- of 

 the Great Lakes, particularly alonir lio -"iitlo :i-I'Tii 

 part of Lake Ontario in New York aihl i :.ii:h1;,. '.,\^.m: 

 the southern shore of Lake Erie and on ih.- . m-t,-™ 

 shore ot Lake Michigan. In this latter belt, known as 

 the Michigan "fruit belt," the Peach reaches its highest 

 northern limit in the eastern states, being grown with 



profit as far north as Grand Traverse, on the 44th parallel. 

 Another large area begins near Long Island Sound, in 

 Connecticut, and follows the seaboard as far south as 

 the soutlicm part of the Chesapeake peninsula and ex- 

 tending; aipproxiiiiately one hundred miles inland. In 

 the southoni Atlantic states there is another commer- 

 cial Peach area, cciniprising the upper lands of Georgia, 

 Alabama and adjacent states. Farther south than this, 

 where the soil does not freeze to the depth of the roots, 

 the root-knot disease, caused by a nematode worm, is so 

 serious as often to interfere with the raising of the crop. 

 In this southrrn iiart. aK,,, il,,. ,,M tin,,- variety's of 

 Peaclii- Mo Tiot t],v]^■ lo I-, r|-rli,,n. Imt -on.o of tlo- 



Vbim■^■■<^\^•'~:n■r,:~■•^ -I. in- - I sal , Mart ion . Aliotlior 



large l'.a.ii--n.» in-ar.a li.s ,„ sontli.-ni mm. .is, .Mon.l- 

 ing westwur.l across .Mi.>souii iiiid into Kansas. Easltru 

 Texas has also developed a large commercial peach-grow- 

 ing business. Part of western Colorado is now becoming 

 known as a peach country. Nearly the whole of Cali- 

 fornia, except the mountains, is admirably adapted to 

 the I'.a.h, and tin- fruit is grown there on alarge basis. 

 There av isolat.al fhn'es all over the United States in 

 which I'.a.li L;r..\\ in:; is profitable, but the above outline 

 desiiiiiaii - 111. an as of largest commercial importance 



In !■ - .1. too cold for the normal develop- 



ment ! 1 111.- tree may be grown with some 



satisia.i I' It "\ la- Mil-' it down in winter. For this pur- 

 pose the iitr Is usually trained with a thin or rather flat 

 top so that it will lie upon the ground when the tree 

 is bent over. When the tree is to be laid down, earth 

 is dug away from the roots on one side, the ball of 

 earth which holds the roots is loosened somewhat, and 

 the tree is bent over until it reaches nearly or quite the 

 level of the ground. It may remain in this position 

 without covering, being protected by its proximity to 

 the earth and by the snow which drifts into the top; or 

 sometimes the tree is covered with litter or even with 

 earth, -if with litter, care must be taken that mice do 

 not nest therein and gnaw the trees. 



Although the Pca.h has many forms, it is all one spe- 

 cies. /', . . /' /. See Prmms. It is probably na- 

 tive t i I ' t has been in cultivation from the 

 earlii I i . aiue into Europe by way of Per- 

 sia, wli. 1. a .1-' Persira, and also Pefffh. From 



Peaches of tin- rnii.-.l stat.--. 'I'h.-s.. p.-a.-lu-s do not 

 thrive well in tin- .Aii-.-nn- -.imiIi. Iiov>.-m i-. In in. .re re- 

 China, and thes.- tvi-.-s, ..f Hhi.-h tli. H-.m v i I-i-. 1661) 

 is the chief example, thrive well in the far south. Still 

 another type of Peach, which is hardy and productive 

 in the South, is the Indian type sometimes called the 

 "native peach." This is pr..l. al.lv derived from the 

 Pea.-li.-- n!ii.-Ii 111- •:n-]'. Si^iiiiai.'; 1.1-.. ught into North 

 Ani.-i ii 1 ' : :■ range of countrj- 



in til. - liotanist Nuttall 



foun.l I .,,.!,. - .; :_ -i .. II -.-t as Arkansas. 

 ■Still an.. Ih.i H|-. ..1 r.a.li I- ;la I ', .-n-to, or the flat 



Peach of (.'hina. Tins i- a.la|ii. .1 .nlv t.. il .\trenie 



southern part ..f tli.- .-ounti-\ . ilin\ in;.- w.-ll in tin- north- 

 ern part of the citrons li.-ll. It is niM.-li to,, .arly-l. loom- 

 ing fort 



ch tla 



of I 



has been described as a 

 rpa , but there is every 

 a nn.dified form of the 

 niilMin S9, Texas Ex- 

 wl'.ieh are known 

 _-toups: (1) The 

 , i,_ ;ln- variety known 

 il al.-u the Angel and 

 ^'ith oval, long-pointed 



ordinary Pea.li - 



periment Stati 



in North Am. i 

 Peen-to or flat I '- m ii i .. - 

 as the Peen-t.^ il'i^- i'' 

 Waldo; (2) the South Chi: 



fruit with deep suture near the base, represented by 

 the Honey (Fig. 1661 1 ; (3) the Spanish or Indian race, 

 with very late, yellow, firm, often streaked fruit, repre- 

 sented by various southern varieties, as the Cabler (Fig. 

 1662), Columbia, Galveston, Lulu, Texas and Victoria; 

 (4) the North China race, with large, mostly cling or 

 semi-cling fruit and very large, flat leaves, represented 

 by the Chinese Cling, Elberta (Fig. 16631, Mamie Ross, 

 Smock and Thurber ; (5) the Persian race, including 

 the common varieties of the mid-country and the North, 



