1238 



PEACH 



best trade, so that it be- 



" llie desirability of the 



' r. that the largest and 



.i<k and ship their own 



jr.ater profit in a high 



makes it unsatisfactory 1 

 comes an "iicii f|ii<-«ii"ii 

 plan. It ,. „,„„■, ,M,. 

 best grcAM : ■ • 



product. I" , I 



In another maimir has the State Horticultural Society 

 and an excellent system of State Farmers Institutes 

 worked c vast benefit to the industry. They have held 

 meetings singly and in series in every Peach-growing 

 locality in the state. At these meetings every detail of 

 modern high-class Peach culture and marketing has 

 been freely given by the most successful growers of 

 this and other states. These meetings have been fol- 

 lowed by complete printed reports placer] in the liands 



of every grower. In this .•..m ti.in it -:1h,uM !i..t he 



considered too e.\tri-iii.' to ^Tatf iljai tin- lirl|i r.-^-.n r.i l»y 

 our growers from a tew al.li' ].i-ariir-, I an.l -.■i.ni iiii- men 

 cannot be estimated in .i.. liars. Sullic it t.. say that 

 nearly every practicable idea given by these men has 

 been quite generally acted upon with great financial ad- 

 vantage, and the improvement in handling this crop has 

 been s(j marked during the past five years as to be really 

 plnnoini iial. Nature having done its full duty to this 

 r< L'inii. iIm. .1. incuts required for success are a careful 

 s.li. ihin ..I |."Mtion with regard to soil, elevation and 

 sliipinnu' ta'i lilies, a willingness to learn, and a love for 

 the business, coupled with a high sense of honor in mar- 

 keting. The adverse conditions are improper selections 

 of location or varieties and the diseases, yellows and curl 

 leaf, both of which are quite easily managed by ener- 

 getic men. Trees affected with yellows are promptly 

 removed and destroyed, and replaced immediately by 

 young trees. The curl leaf is not regular in its appear- 

 ance, but occasionally a season comes when its attacks 

 on certain varieties are serious. It is easily controlled 

 by preventive spraying. 



The writer has visited many of the noted Peach re- 

 gions, but nowhere has he ever seen such success attained 

 by men of modest means as in the Michigan Peach belt. 

 Its future looks even brighter than its past. 



R. Morrill. 



Peach Culture in Delaware. - 1. Historical 

 Sketch. -No one knows when the first Peach trees were 



I ., 111. .1, \V.- iva.l that as ,.arU as 18U, a Mr. 



r.i- \. i, .,1 \. .-..ni.a.-k.-onntv.X'a. uicmintv south of Del- 

 aware on the peninsula), had G3.U00 Peach trees, the 

 product of which was converted into brandy. The trees 

 at G years of age yielded about 15 gallons of fourth-class 

 brandy per 100 trees, which sold at $2 per gallon. The 

 profits cnnld not have lieen larije, unless the trees 



It 1-, |H.s..il,lr th.it tli.. -.-.-.l wa- -.>wn in rows, and the 

 s..Mllni:;s allow. ,1 t.. r. ii.aiii a> lliey grew. 



The tii-t I'each urrhard f^r commercial purposes iu 



Reeves and Jacob Ridgeway on a farm belonging to the 

 latter, about one mile from Delaware City, on the Dela- 

 ware and Chesapeake canal. It consisted of 20 acres of 

 budded trees, and by 1836 they had planted 110 acres. 

 In a single season Messrs. Reeves and Ridgeway re- 

 ceived $16,000 gross from their Peach crop, the fruit 

 then bringing from $1.25 to $3 per 3-peck basket in 

 the Philadelphia market. This success induced others 

 to embark in the business, among whom was Ma.jor 

 Philip Reybold, who in 1842 had 12,960 trees. James 

 Thompson was another pioneer in the business. In 1846 

 he stated that New Castle county contained about 3,000 

 acres in Peach trees. Ma.ior Reybold and his sons alone 

 had 117,720 trees covering 1,090 acres, from which 

 63,344 baskets were shipped in August of 1845. In 1848, 

 the Peach crop was estimated at 500,000 baskets, chiefly 

 from New Castle county, of which the Reybolds grew 

 about one-fourth. In Kent county, Jehu Reed had 

 planted an orchard of Red Cheek Melocoton as early, 

 perhaps, as 1829. and several years later had 10.000 



extensi\-e nrcliarils in K' Ttt cMm;1\-, In ^n <i x county, 



Ciqit. I 'has. Wriirlit \',:.^ ..!•. .i 'j.. i- ■ i,, [.l.mt trees 

 on all cxifrKl.-l si-ali , , ' . ■ i,, product 



Troth, Karly V.'n'k. . ,..|.:. ,, I;,.,, n,., .' . H, lMal"ii'''Free! 

 Stump, Crawford Late, Mammoth Melocoton, Crockett 

 White and Smock. Ex-Governor Ross and J. P. Collins 

 were also extensively engaged in the Peach business, 

 but the orchards in Sussex at that time generally con- 

 sisted of from 1,000 to 5,000 trees each. 



Governor B. T. Biggs, Governor John P. Cochran and 

 J. B. Fennimore were among the largest growers around 

 Middletown in 1871, and Seerick Shallcross, also of Mid- 

 dletown, marketed ]2."i.rt"'> haskft-, valued at $1,10.000. 



This orchard container I .. .., .i .,,. |,,ii i trees, ami was 



said at that time to I" I' ' _ ; ih. w..rl.l. 



Delaware was the li r - ~ ' jep I'lach ruliiire 



on a large scale, ami It m:ii~ i.r.i.lnre.l mure fine 

 Peaches than any other locality in the world. The qual- 

 ity, appearance and size of the fruit when grown under 

 favorable conditions have never been excelled, if 

 equaled, by any other section of the United States, but 

 the appearance of the yellows in .New Castle and Kent 

 counties, the frequent .1, nieti.in of the crop by >m- 

 timely frosts, and tin ,,],, nin- ef otlier sections has 

 taken some of the kIoiw awav ir.ini the once famous 

 Peach districts of Kent aiel New Castle counties. The 

 center of tlic iit.lnsiry wa- Mi.Mlec.wTi in the late sixties. 

 Then it move.l i,. miimh,,. .\fter a few vears Wyoming 

 was the great .'ili rea t .wai.ls which all the commission 

 men looked for llieir supply; ii..w it» is Bridgeville. 

 The Peach belt has been moving southward for several 

 years, until now Sussex county raises the largest part of 

 the crop. The trees do not attain the mammoth size of 

 those on the heavier soils of New Castle and Kent 

 counties, but Sussex, except in northern ]...ris. h.is es 

 caped that bugbear of Peach-growers, till >- ll.tw-. 



There are probably about four million leei, n,,- ,„ 

 Delaware, though no accurate statistics |i:,x , |„ , n nia.le 

 since 1890. The Delaware lailroa.l e,,nip.ii,\ estimated 

 that there would be 4..iiin.niin Im-keis ,,i i , mi along its 

 various lines in 1900. Imi iis r,,,,i,is t,,, ih.. crop are 

 not vet completed, (in ,\u-ust i^.',. :;.■". em loa.Ls. mostly 

 of yellow fruit, were .shipped from Bn.lKciille alone. 

 There would have been at least GO cars had there been 

 a demand for white fruit, hut a large proportion of the 

 white Peaches were not picked in 1900. The Peaches 

 are shipped to all of the large cities where freight rates 

 are not prohibitive, and to smaller interior cities of 

 Pennsylvania, New York and New Knelainl. 



2. Ch;^hj-«. - Most of the trees are s, t in the fall. 

 Where fall planting is practiced the tne pushes out 

 young roots all winter during mild weather, and as a 

 rule grows better than when set in the spring and is 

 compelled to grow roots and leaves at the same time. 

 The ground, preferably a clover sod, high and dry, is 

 plowed deep, thoroughly harrowed and checked into 

 rows generally 20x20 feet apart. Some planters set 22 

 feet, others closer. A hole is dug of suflicient size to 

 admit the roots without crowding, and in November the 

 tree is planted about the depth it formerly stood in the 

 nursery, with soil heaped a little to allow for settling. 

 For planting, the writer prefers a good one-year tree 

 of the second or third grade, 2-3 feet in length, without 

 many branches. The small nursery stock will make good 

 trees if properly cared for and will last as long, bear as 

 much fruit and come into bearing as young as trees 

 4-G feet high. It is a great mistake to suppose the 

 larger tree is better. It is more sightly, but that is its 

 chief merit. It will not develop as many roots, nor will 

 it pack in as good shape for shipping, and the shock of 

 transplanting is far less to the small tree; it can be cut 

 back root and top; it is much easier to plant; and the 

 percentage of loss is much smaller, for if in good con- 

 dition and well planted, 99 per cent will grow. The un- 

 dersigned says this after having grown several million 

 trees in the nursery and many thousand in the orchard 

 of his own propagation and from other nurseries all 

 over this country. On light lands a shovelful of wood 

 ashes or of well-rotted manxire gives the tree a good 

 start. Either is applied at the base of the tree durins 

 the winter. Before the sap starts thetrees are usually 



