PINE 



1341 



species (about 40) aie indigenous to North America or 

 tUe United States, it is hardly necessary to go out of 

 our own country for plant material. 



For economic importance as well as a combination of 

 points of excellence in all directions, ornamental as well 

 as useful, rapiditv aud ijuantity of production and 

 adaptability to .Inn :,n uhI --.iI. liie chief place belongs 

 to our White Pin. ; ' ^ , ;md next in importance 



stands the Lonu'l' I I' '' '(,<//■(* I of our southern 



states. TheR.Ml In;. , / ', , ,.,-,.„), the Sbortleaf (P. 

 echinata), the Lol.l..|[\- i /'. /'..i/.M. "itli ili.- Culi;iii Pine 

 (P. Oube>isis},:<'Ui th.-ir St.. IV, 1.. ilir ,uo,ni.iiis ,|„anti 

 ties furnished :uiiin:illy l.y tli.- lir^t imhI sc.,,ii,1. Iu our 

 western mount;nii, tli.' Hull I'Iim' i/'. /■-./'/' m,,,! . the 



Sugar Pine {P. L't„>h, r.';.(,.'M. .■m.l ''..■--' I I 'mi.- (P. 



»ion(Jco;a) are (lur l:ir-i tiiiiii. -I- I't. - n.i ■' M'\\i;,p. 

 Ji/ocoftMi7e repla.n - .iiir Wini^- \'t'- ■ I -niva 



and Jfon^ezwm'f ai-.' I hi' itiiiM>ii;iii: r . 1 n our 



Philippine i.oss.. --,.,),- ~| h , /■- ../„,-,'.s-, 



forms illl|"M l:illl III . ,■ nn tuT'r-I-. I M ijUiip. III!' Sriifch 



Pine I /' ' mim-Imi~ 111.' lulk nf -iiin.lies, 

 with y. / I I" r.- ^iiiilh.ri, .•iMinlii.-. In 



I furnish from 

 iitine, tar and 



conifers, the shaft dominating over the branch system 

 aud the latter surrounding the former in re;;ular wh.irls, 

 later on the symmetry is disturbed an.! linalh ilie 

 towering old Pine may have its bole sjilit iij. ini.. m.iriy 

 stout branches and the crown may havt- l.ri.a.l.n. .1 ami 

 flattened or rounded off in the umbrella-liki- lasliDu 

 which the Stone Pine (P. Pinm) exhibits so strikingly 

 in the Italian landscape. This flattening of crown is 

 characteristic of most Yellow Pines, while the pinons or 

 Nut Pines have a tendency to the broora-like or apple 

 tree appearance. Of our eastern species, the White Pines 

 alone preserve to some extent the conical habit of the 

 crown in imitation of the spruces with more or less 

 symmetrical horizontally spreading branches, which 

 render them pleasing objects throughout all periods of 

 life. On the Pacific coast a number of species preserve 

 the conical form. 



In the choice and combination of plant material we 

 should keep in mind that the Pines are essentially 

 light-needing species, hence do not bear overtopping or 

 crowding unless they have a chance by their rapid 

 growth in height to escape from the pressure of their 

 shade-making neighbors; the White Pines, especially P. 

 Slrul,i,s witli ir-i .l.iiser foliage, is more tolerant of shade 

 than III In I -; iln dwarf P. montana is also tolerably 



own Longleaf Pine. Pine wool is made from the leaves 

 of this aud other species, essential oils are distilled 

 from leaves and young shoots and used medicinally, and 

 the seeds of the Nut Pines are used for food and flavors. 

 While the economic importance of the genus can hardly 

 be overrated, the ornamental value is undoubtedly less 

 than that of other genera like the spruces and firs. 

 Nevertheless, at least interest and picturesqueness, if 

 not beauty and symmetry "ot form, attach to a large 

 number of species. 



Choice of material for planting with such a wealth of 

 species is difficult; yet climatic limitations reduce the 

 number that may be grown within each climatic zone, 

 and further assistance in the choice may be found in the 

 fact that the botanical division of the species into three 

 groups; viz.. White Pines. Yellow Pines (so called from 

 the color of the wood) and Nut Pines, denotes at the 

 same time differences of lial.it and form. 



In no othergr.iuj.. i.irliav-. i- i' ^" in ..-^ai y t.. I<.>epin 

 mind that form an.! lial-ii .-lian-ii ilir.niLli ili.' .liif.'rent 

 periods of life fn.in tin- jiiv. nil.i iliinii-li ili- a.lnl.-.-ent 

 to the virile an.l s.Miil.- ^ta-n, ..f .liv.i|.ii.iin-nt : wliile 

 symmetrical and pleasing in their youth anil grand or 

 • picturesque in their age, in their intermediate stages 

 the trees may be straggling and unsightly. Starting in 

 its youth with the pyramidal aspiring habit of all the 



and laggards, remaining dwarfs or medium-sized treef 

 again our king of Pines, the common White Pine, ar 

 its giant congener the Sugar Pine, with the Bull Pine i 



In regard to foliage, quite a large variety can be had. 

 For grace and elegance nothing better again than our 

 five-needled silver-lined White Pine can be suggested, 

 although P. exctlsa from the Himalayas, with its 

 slenderer and longer branches and more drooping foli- 

 age, aud the dwarfs P. Pence from Macedonia and P. 

 Knrnieii^is. with their denser and more compact 

 crown-;. Mini «oinn ..tln-ri ..f tl... White Pine tribe, may 



i-ss anil viiror of foliage, our Red 

 outranks even the much-planted 

 an Pine, and for interest iu devel- 

 opment nothing can c.niii.i-tf witli our Li.iigleaf Pine 



{P. in,Jiixfrl.-i I. Willi ii - 11. -. ,.. liii-li ill \ ig speci- 



ni.nn i\.-iiil a I'm 'I ' i ' ■ i ■ ' ill dense, 

 gra.'rfnl tuft. Iln n i ■ . lip of the 



striking appcaraiun. I iil..! luiiai. 1\ , iL i.-. not adapted 

 for planting north of the :j:;d degree. 



The thin, grayish, short foliage of the frugal Bank- 

 sian Pine and of several other of our Scrub Pines, and 

 the stouter also grayish foliage of the Scotch Pine, make 

 a pleasing color contrast against the somber dark back- 

 ground of spruces and firs, while the short, stiff needles 

 of the Nut Pine P. edidis and the interesting one-needle 

 Pine {P. motiophyUa) resemble the spruce foliage. Color 

 of bark varying in species from silvery gray through 

 red and yellow tints to almost black, and character or 

 size of cones from the diminutive globose forms of 

 P. contorta to the long, pendulous cones of the Sugar 



