p. Torreyana and Sabiniuna, may also influence choice 

 of material. 



With wide range of distribution and hence adaptive- 

 ness as far as climate is concerned, we have our Short- 

 leaf Pine {P. echinata) , which is found from Massa- 

 chusetts to Texas, and in 



W( 



all Pii 



{P. pOHilerii.ia), which 

 ranges from the moist 

 Pacitic coast in Washing- 

 ton to the dry slopes of 

 Arizona. In Kurope, the 

 Scotch Pine comes nearest 

 to such wide distribution. 



species, there have been 

 found hardy in our north- 

 states the Scotch 



i'',is',s'. liwJana, ' Tlinn- 

 heii/i. while the Mexican 

 I'lnes and those of south- 

 ern Asia will endure only 

 the light frosts of our 

 southern states. Yet in 

 the parks of Washington, 

 D. C, the following Pines 

 are to be found: P. Stro- 

 biis, Cembra, excelsa, 

 Lambertiana,Ayaca'hidte^ 

 Koraiensis, palustris, 

 T(eda, ponderosa, rigida, 

 Laricio, glabra, Virgini- 

 ana, echinata, montana. Pinaster, edulis, pungens, 

 sylvestris, Massoniana; and the probability is that most 

 of the other species .could find a place there to live if 

 not to thrive. Figs' 1807-1809 show how a species may 

 vary under different conditions. 



The list of species hardy in the Arnold Arboretum 

 (Boston) comprises the following; 



1. Thriving well. 

 Ljimbertiana, resinosa, 



Laricio, rigida, 



montana, Strobus, 



monticola, sylvestris, 



parviflora, Thunbergi, 



Peuce. Virginiana. 



pungens, 



P. excelsa and P. ponderosa pendula thrive well In a 

 sheltered place, but are probably not quite hardy here. 

 2. Hardy, but not of promising growths 

 Balfouriana, var. aristata, flesilis, 



contorta, var. Murrayana, monophylla. 



In the interior middle states the number which would 

 stand the extremes of drought and cold would probably 

 be reduced; a partial list found in the Missouri Botani- 

 cal Garden is given below; 



The best are given first. All of the later ones on the 

 list die out sooner or later, as the city smoke is very 

 detrimental to coniferas. None do very well on that 



1808. Pinus ponderosa. 



A mature tree 60-90 ft. high, i 

 dry and shallow Colorado soil 



Bungeaua, 



Cembra, 



densiflora. 



echinata, 

 Jeffrey!, 

 Koraiensis, 



Mughus(P. 

 Austriaca. 

 Strobus, 

 Cembra, 



ilio). 



Virginii 



Laricio, 



sylvestris, 



ponderosa. 



For seaside planting P. rigida has shown itself most 

 fit, and of foreigners in proper climate P. Pinaster and 

 Halepensis, while P. contorta on the northwest coast 

 and the frugal P. radiata on the southwest coast are 

 the seacoast trees par excellence. 



The Pines are essentially inhabitants of the poor sandy 

 soils and dry situations, their stout root system enabling 

 them to seek the scanty water supplies where other 

 species find it difficult. Some, like the White Pme, are 

 adapted to a variety of soil conditions, but only a few 

 can endure a surplus of water; P. resinosa will follow 

 the White Cedar into the swamp and thrive there as 

 ■well as with the Banksian Pine on the poorest gravels; 



PINE 



P. rigida is at home both in wet and dry places; 1 

 Scotch Pine of the Baltic sand plains may be found 

 the peat bogs, but only eking out a miserable existen 

 while P. Tmda, the Old Field Pine, makes magniac( 

 trees in the southern swamp, and with its slow growth 

 under such conditions an excellent timber. Pinus con 

 iorta and serotina also are indifferent to water conditions 

 at the root; so is the Cuban Pine, but P. pahistris be 

 lies its name, for it is only very rarely found in poorly 

 drained {)laces and does not thrive there. 



The propagation of Pines does not offer any difiicul 

 ties. The seed usually has a high germination percen 

 tage in most species if kept dry and cool, and it retains 

 vitality for several years, deteriorating of course some- 

 what from year to year. To avoid deterioration in 



transoceanic sliii nts, )iacking in charcoal dust has 



been founil v.iy ^.iv ic ^ble. While most of the Pine 

 seeds spn.ui r. :i.|ily. thr White Pine, with some others, 

 has the bad imt'it :'l" l\in^ over for one year in part, 

 unless treated to a hot-water batli for 24 Imurs before 



sowing; or perhaps by s 

 after coming out of the i 

 two weeks of September. 

 light mold early, rather 

 system to develop, .-..v. 

 size of seed not ov. i- ' 

 sifting sand over tlic ^t 

 first year special can' i-; i 

 supply and transpiration 



for 1 



■ • I .ill immediately 

 i~ diinntr the first 

 -li"ul.l he sown in 



liinly according to 

 fh is best done by 

 sieve. During the 

 regulate the water 

 ling seedlings; they 



want to be kept humid, not wet, but resent drought as 

 much as a surfeit; and especially sudden changes from 

 drought to wet are likely to produce "damping-off." To 

 prevent too rapid transpiration the familiar lath screens 

 should be applied. 



To prevent the formation of excessively long tap- 

 roots which some species are wont to form, mechanical 



1809. Pinus ponderosa. 



Giant specimens 225 ft high grown in the deep moist 



soU of the \osemite % alley. 



means may be adopted ; but the best plan is to manure 

 near the surface, so that fibrous roots will be formed. 

 Such manure consists of one-third steamed bone meal 

 and two-thirds ammonia superphosphate. Root-pruning 



