PINEAPPLE 



PINGUICULA 



1345 



favorable circum 

 $450 per acre, biif 

 form that will wi 

 Diseases and i 

 heart: The can si 

 seems to be morr 

 during a dry ont 

 around the heart taking - 



- ( 1 ) Heart rot ; bitter 



i is not known, but it 



<i )ti;^ a raiuy season than 



ssts itself by the portion 



. water-soaked appearance. 



This condition progresses outward until the whole ap- 

 ple is involved. It is not necessarily accompanied by 

 rotting, though this usually follows. The whole apple 

 becomes bitter, even before it is entirely involved. 

 When this disease is present in a held the fruit should 

 be marketed as soon as possible, that the apples may be 

 consumed before becoming badly atfected. 



(2) Sanding: This disorder occurs immediately after 

 setting out, especially if a long dry spell occurs at this 

 time. It is produced by sand being blown into and fill- 

 ing the bud of plants. Immediately after setting out 

 drop into the bud a small handful of cotton-seed meal, 

 or the same amount of a mixture of 1 part ground to- 

 bacco stems and 3 or 4 parts cotton-seed meal. This 

 soon forms a firm plug in the bud, keeping out sand but 

 not interfering with growth. Blood and bone, or blood, 

 bone and tankage, may also be used. 



(3) Spike; longleaf : This disease manifests itself by 

 the Ivs. failing to expand at the base, thus giving the 

 plant a contracted appearance. The outer portion of 

 the leaf spreads from the center of the plant, but usu- 

 ally fails to take on a broad, flat, healthy appearance. 

 Experiments have proved that this disease may be pro- 

 duced by improper use of commercial fertilizers, though 

 the disease has occurred where no fertilizer had been 

 used. Abundant evidence is at baud to show that the 

 disease is not due to an organic agent but rather to 

 untoward condition in the soU. Change the fertilizer, 

 avoiding acid phosphate, kainit and cotton-seed meal in 

 large quantities, and give protection as by a Pineapple 

 shed (spike is a rare thing under sheds). 



H) Blight; wilts: This disease occurs in a sporadic 

 manner, usually without any apparent regularity. In 

 some varieties the first intimation of blight is by the 

 outer end of Ivs. turning red, and later by the tips wilt- 

 ing. This wilting progresses until the entire plant has 

 dried up. According to Webber the direct cause is a 

 soil-inhabiting fungus which attacks the roots. Remove 

 the wilted plants and set in healthy ones. If the plants 

 are of valuable varieties trim off all diseased roots and 

 much of the stem, together with larger Ivs., and reset. 



1812. Pineapple shed 



intil the 



It is probable that the fungus will not 

 roots again penetrate the soil. 



(5) Red spider (Stigmmus FloHdanus , Banks) : This 

 species attacks the tender white portion at the base of 

 the Ivs. The effect upon the plant is greatly out of pro- 

 portion to the small amount of injury to the parts 

 attacked. In later stages the Ivs. rot off at the place 



attacked. Drop a small handful of tobacco dust into 

 the bud of the plants. Subsequent rains and dews 

 leach the tobacco and carry the solution down to the red 

 spider. If they are not all dead in a week or ten days, 

 repeat the dose. 



(6) Scale insect {Diaspis bromeliea): This scale 

 insect becomes troublesome in dry localities and in 

 greenhouses. The insect usually attacks the lower sur- 

 face of the leaf, but each point of attack shows througb- 

 as a yellow spot on the upper surface. Spray with 

 resin wash, resin compound, kerosene emulsion or 

 whale-oil soap. 



(7) Mealy bugs (Dactylopius eitri and other species) : 

 These insects attack the base of the Ivs. just at or below 

 the ground level; also the bud. and wlifii fruit m.ttiires 

 they multiply in great nurabiT^ :iiihmil- Hi.- slip^^ ;niil in 

 the eyes of the fruit itself. Th.- r. iimMx i^ i lir .run.- ms 

 for scale insects, but it is \ . ry .iiriiiult i.. make llii< 

 application effective. When tin- iin'aly Im^'s an- irnsciit 

 before the fruit-bud forms much good can be done by 

 applying a large handful of tobacco dust in the axils of 

 the Ivs. 



Pineapple culture is also discussed under Florida. 

 P. H. Rolfs. 

 PINEAPPLE AIR PLANT. TiUandsia utriculata. 

 PINEAPPLE FLOWER. Eucomis punctata. 

 PINE, DAMMAK. See AgatJiis. 

 PINE, KAURI. See Agathis. 

 PINE, MORETON BAY. See Araucaria. 

 PINE, NORFOLK ISLAND. See Araiicaria. 

 PINE, SCREW. See Paudauus. 



PIN£LLIA (after Pinelli). Ar<lce<r. Three species 

 ot hardy perennial tuberous herbs, native to China and 

 Japan. Foliage appearing with the fls. ; Ivs. 3 or pedat- 

 isect: peduncle solitary: spathe marcescent : fls. niontp- 

 cious in the appendiculate spadix, all fertile; perianth 

 none; male fls. with 1 stamen; female fls. one-sided: 

 ovary 1 -celled; ovule solitary, orthopterous. See Engler, 

 in DC. Mon. Phan. 2:505. 



tnherifera. Ten. Adult Ivs. 3-cut, the middle segment 

 lK-2 times longer and wider. China. — There is a variety 

 with narrower leaf -segments and another with Ivs. cut 

 into 5 segments. 



PINEY. Old-fashioned name of Peony. 



PINGUtCTJLA (diminntive of Latin pi„,,niR, fat; re- 

 ferrini; td flu- su<'culciit and unasv f(.liai.'rl. Lentibul- 



,n-i,h;,f. BlTTKiaVoKT. Al..,llt ::» spirirs of small, 



s«aiii(i-l"viny lu-rhs id i-ariiivuiDus lialiiis with pretty 

 long-spurreel Hs. sonu-tliiiig liki- ii snapdragon. They 

 grow in tufts or rosettes with several scapes less than< 

 a foot high, each bearing a solitary flower. The Ivs. 

 are more or less short, thick, succulent, and densely 

 covered with crystalline, glandular hairs, which give- 

 the Ivs. their buttery feeling. Small insects are caught 

 on these sticky hairs, and the margins of the Ivs. roll in 

 and cover them. D. T. Ma«dougaI writes: "A digestive- 

 fluid, probably a trypsin, exudes from the surface of the 

 leaf which dissolves the bodies of the insects, allowing 

 the substances of which they are composed to be ab- 

 sorbed by the leaf. The leaves of Pinguicula also con- 

 tain vegetable rennet, and Linnffius mentions that the 

 leaves of /'. riiliim-is were used by the Lapland tribes 

 fur (-ui-'lliinr milk, and Pfeffer says the same custom 

 pr.-vaiU :.iii..ni.' ilii- peasantry of the Italian Alps." 



riim'iuriila-i iiiaku dainty flowering plants in pots; 

 althouirb natives of northern countries, they can scarcely 

 be consiilered hardy subjects, as they require special 

 treatment. The choicest species are undoubtedly 

 P. hitea and P. eaudata. P. lutea, a native of our low 

 pine -barrens from N. C. to Fla. and La., is unique 

 in the genus by reason of its yellow fls., while P. 

 rinidata, with its rich purple fls., is the finest of all 

 which range from violet and purple through rose 

 charm of P. eaudata, aside 





to whitish. 



