1346 



PINGUICULA 



from its color, lies in its extraordinarily long spur, 

 ■which attains 2 in., while the 5-lobed limb reaches an 

 equal length. These plants are scarcely known in 

 America outside of botanic gardens. P. W. Burbidge 

 has given a detailed account of his success with P. 

 caudata in Gn. 22, p. .309: The spring and summer foli- 

 age are scarcely recognizable as belonging to the same 

 plant. In early spring the Ivs. are numerous, small, 

 short, thick and pointed, forming a dense rosette like 

 an Echeveria; in midsummer the Ivs. are large, thin, 

 obovate and lax. The plant blooms freely in both 

 stages, but produces the largest fls. later. In the fall 

 the foliage again becomes a bulb-like mass of fleshy 

 Ivs., and so rests all winter. Burbidge found that 

 the plants can be readily propagated by these fleshy 

 Its., each one producing a new plant, as in the case of 

 the bulb scales of certain common lilies. These leaf 

 cuttings were placed by Burbidge in the live sphagnum 

 of orchid baskets. Young plants were potted in 2K-in. 

 pots of live sphagnum, using small crocks only. These 

 small pots may then be plunged in small shallow 

 orchid pans to prevent extremes of moisture and hung 

 up in the cool end of a Cattleya house. Burbidge has 

 also grown P. hirtiflora in pans of sphagnum standing 

 in a saucer of water and treated to the hottest sunshine. 

 The fls. are said to last 8 or 9 weeks. 



Pinguicula belongs to the same family with Utric- 

 ularia, a group composed largely of aquatic plants 

 which capture minute creatures in little bladders that 

 are developed on the thread-like Ivs. Pinguicula differs 

 in the more terrestrial habit, the 4-o-parted calyx, 

 spreading position of the posterior lip of the corolla 

 and also in the anthers. Pinguicula is one of the very 

 few dicotyledonous plants with only 1 seed-leaf. The 

 fls. of Pinguicula are often reversed before and during 

 anthesis. 



A. Color of fls. yellow. 



litea, Walt. Unique in the genus by reason of its 

 yellow fls. and nearly regular (not 2-lipped) corolla. 

 Exceedingly variable in the size of all its parts, and in 

 the obtuse toothing of the coroIIa-Iobes. Scapes 5-12 in. 

 high: fls. K-IK in. long and broad; spur curved, about 

 as long as the rest of the corolla; throat spotted and 

 belly lined with red; palate very prominent and densely 

 bearded. Low pine barrens, N. C. to Fla. and La B M 

 7203 (most of the lobes ■t-cut, the middle cut being 

 deeper). B.R. 2:126 (2 upper lobes once-cut, 3 lower 

 lobes 4-cut). 



AA. Color of fls. purple to lilac 

 B. Spur S or 4 times as long as the rest of the coroll i 



caudata, Schlecht. Scapes 5-7 in. high fls dei i 

 bright violet-purple, attaining 2 in.; lobes all rounili I 

 except the middle one of the lower lip, which is retusi 

 Mexico. B.M. 6C24. Gn. 23, p. 309. 



BB. Spxir about as long as the rest of the corolla 

 c. Fls. %-l in. long and broad 



grandifldra, Lam. Scapes 3-8 in. long fls blue 

 rarely purplish violet," according to DC, 10-15 lines 

 long, 9 lines broad (3 or 4 times longer than in P. vul- 

 garis ) ,• lobes undulate ; palate with 1 or 2 white spots ; 

 spur straight, a trifle shorter than the broadly funnel- 

 shaped tube. Western Eu. G.C. III. 10:373.— Accord- 

 ing to Bentham, this is a large-fld. var. of P. vulgaris. 

 with longer spur and broader lobes, which in the west- 

 ern part of Eu. passes into the common form. 



hirtifldra, Tenore. Scapes 3-1 in. high : fls. 8 lines long 

 and broad, lilac or rose (blue according to Tenore, and 

 shown as purple in B.M.), with a white tube; spur 

 straight or curved, about as long as the rest of the 

 corolla. S. Eu. B.M. 6785. Gn. 25, p. 290. -Possibly 

 distinguished from P. grandiflora by the color of the 

 tube, which is white outside and yellow in the throat. 

 According to Burbidge there is a var. with pure white fls. 

 cc. Fls. yiin. long and broad. 



vulgiris, Linn. According to Hooker, this differs from 

 P. hirtiflora in the bright blue color and the retuse 

 lobes of the corolla, as also in the less globose capsule: 

 scapes 1-5 in. high: fls. bluish purple ("blue," writes 

 Hooker), about 6 lines long; spur nearly straight, about 



2 lines long or as long as the rest of the corolla. Wet 

 rocks, Eu., Asia, N. Amer. Gn. 57, p. 335. -Sometimes 

 called Labrador Violet. \\r_ ]y[_ 



PINK. See Dianthns; also Carnation. 



PINK MULLEIN. Lychnis Coronaria. 



PINKROOT. Spitjelia. 



PINKSTER FLOWER. A wild Azalea, A. nudiflora. 



PiNUS (ancient Latin name). Coniferce. Pine. Pine- 

 tree. Evergreen resiniferous trees, usually tall, rarely 



head, and clothed with acicular Ivs. in clusters of 2-5, 

 rarely solitary: fls. catkin -like, appearing in spring; 

 staminate yellow or purple, often conspicuous by their 

 abundance; pistillate greenish or purplish, developing 

 into subglobose to cyllndric, usually brown cones, which 

 sometimes attain 18 or more inches in length, ripening 

 mostly not before the second or rarely the third year. 

 The Pines are among the most i]iij>urt;mt timber trees 

 of the northern hemisphere, :ii ^l mux if tlum are val- 

 uable for the decoration of p;i: ' ' ! 1' II-. 



A great number of tin- : . .i i, inly north. 

 Among the hardiest are P. >'// . i .- . . /"irvifloru, 



Bungeana, Koraiensis, riyn/./, c/. < ,i, .i i./i , Thunhergi, 

 resinosa, sylvestris and moiituiia. The Mexican species 

 and those from southern Asia stand only a few degrees 

 of frost. The degree of hardiness is mentioned with 

 the description of each species. 



Young Pines are with few exceptions of more or less 

 regular, pyramidal habit; but in old age they are often 

 very picturesque, especially P. Strobus, radiata, riglda, 

 Pinea, Cembra, jjaricio, parvi flora and others. Of very 

 graceful habit, with slender branches and drooping foli- 

 age, are P. excelsa, Ayacahuite, Mont(zum(P, longifolia, 

 and Canariensis, but they are all, except the first 

 named, very tender. The very large cones of some 

 species, as P. Lambertiana, Ayacahuite, Sabiniana and 

 Coulteri,are a conspicuous ornament. Most species are 

 of vigorous growth when young, but the 

 foreign species usually grow rather 

 slowly and are therefore well suited for 

 nnller gar lens especially P. Koraien- 



1813. 1814. 



Staminate cone Pistillateflowers (enlareed) of / 



of Pinus rigida. also a younEf pistillate cone natural size. 



(X 2.) o, front view of two ovules; c, side view. 



sis, Peuce, Bungeana, parviflora; the American P. 

 aristuta and flexilis may also be recommended for this 

 purpose. For planting rocky slopes P. divaricata_ 

 rigida, Virginiana and some western species are valu- 

 able; and if dwarf forms are desired P. montana is one 

 of the best, thriving in more shaded positions and as 

 undergrowth in open woods better than any other spe- 



The Pines are not very particular as to the soil, and 



