PINUS 



erayish brown, dull, about 3 in. long. S.E. Eu. Probably hardy 

 north.— P. Mayridna, Sudw.=P. latifnlia. — P. mncroiiht/lta, 

 Lindl., not Carr.-P. Montezuniii-,-/'. il,>nle;ui,i,i: L.-unl.. (P. 



Gordoniana, Hartw. P. (.Tn-iiv i ih ;i ''"■i-<\ 1' m m i .>|ili> Ha, 

 Lindl., not Carr.). Tree, to mi ii . , .1 ■ 1 I I'"!-- 



reyana: Ivs. eiaucousor green, 7 1 , 'i:. ^nt,'. 



light brown: apophysis depres-. . 1 ili, ,:: 1 1 re- 



curved spine. .\Iex_. (i.e. Ill, .- M. H.,, 1: V I- ,.■:) j; : tin. 



lii.niit Tm'i ^\"iiMii\ rii^ -liMW X-n li;(r.l\- north. — F. oKteospernia, 

 Knu.lin V .■.■Mil.rni,lrv -/■ ,.,i/"/.i. Sehiede. Allied to P. 

 TiiiliL: If.'v t- -ti tT, I\^ s,,ni.riiTi..> 4 or .5, drooping, light 



Graceful n- ■' ' '' '> i', 



AlliedtoP !• ■ ' , , . _ ,1,;; 



IVS. StOUtel- ,: , . ■ ' ' ^'i' 



flora.— P. Plmi. I>lnn, = Abn- i ' -' I' 



Cembra, var. pumila. Pall. ) . Shi ilh.d 



to P. Cembra, but resin-duct,-^ ih ■ ' m. 



long: cone Ij^ in. long: seed I \\ ' i ~ i-^r-ia 



to Japan. Hardy.— P. Pyrewin,--., I,;ii",ii- il' I .iiii 1 1 I'.-n ). 

 Tree, to 60 ft.: allied to P. Halepensis: Ivs. twii-e :is I..tik, .'■.-7 

 in., bright green: cone oblong, 2-4 in. long, with rugose de- 

 pressed knobs. S.Eu., W.Asia. G.C. III. 4, p. 268. Not hardy 

 north : often confounded with P. Laricio, var. Salzmanni. 

 from which it is easily distinguished by its greenish to reddish 

 brown branchlets.— P. rerteca, Engelm.— P. strobiformis.— P. 

 serdtina, Michx. Pond Pine. Marsh Pine. Tree, to 50, occa- 

 sionally to bO ft. ; allied toP.Tasda: Ivs. dark yellowish green: 

 cones 2H-3 in. long, with slender, incurved deciduous prickles, 

 remaining closed for I or 2 years after maturity. N. C. to Fla. 

 S.S. 11:580. Not li.ardy north.-P. st.obifnrmm. Engelm. (P. 

 reflexa, Engelm.). Tree, to 100 ft. : allied to P. flexilis: Ivs re- 

 motely and minutely serrul.ate or almost entire, slender, 2^-^ 

 in. long: cones 5-0 in. long, with reflexed knobs. Ariz. S.S. 

 11:544,545. ALFRED ReHDEK. 



PtPEE(theancientLatinname). PlperAcete. Pepper. 

 A vast genus (probably 600-700 species | of both the Old 

 and New Worlds, mostly In the tropics, a few of which 

 are in cultivation in this counti-\- :is irrf-enliouse foliage 

 plants. In choice collections dill- i< lik.-lyt.. find several 

 other species, but as they seldi-ni t'niit it is very difiioult 

 to determine their species. In iIh- li.ll.iwinu' list appear 



all the names that oe,-nr in tip Vt ■!.■ .n ti-:i.l.-. Piper 



is an exceedingly tlirtirnli --.ii- i.iiir . -nnniii-t he- 

 cause of the great iitimlMi- .' I 11- \ :iM;iti,ni of 



foliage in the same |il:ini ,i- :;■,.,■ , ,, . h-, ilic .lilli- 

 culty of matching the ^r\c- ..i ilip s,,,nH s|,ci-ics, the 

 imperfect specimens in herbaria, iiiid the scarcity of 

 good studies of the plants in the wild. In nearly all 

 cases, Pipers are dioecious. The flowers are very minute, 

 and are borne beneath decurrent bracts in slender, 



PIQUERIA 



1357 



BB. Lvs. broadly ovate or roundish, evergreen. 

 nlgrnm, Linn. Black Pepper. Plant woody below; 

 stem strong, terete, emitting roots, tall-climbing, gla- 

 brous: lvs. thickish, stalked, broadly ovate-oblong or 

 nearly orbicular, the base usually rounded and oblique, 

 5-9-nerved above the base, the nerves alternate: fls. 

 sometimes polygamous but usually diojcious: fr. glo- 

 bose, red. Old World tropics, but now widelv dispersed 

 in warm countries. B.M. 3139. -Occasionally grown in 

 hothouses, particularly amongst collections of economic 

 plants. In the wild it i,s :i str..nt- .■limber, rooting at the 



i<-^. .-^"inetilnes re:i.lnn- L'n li :,, li.-t-ht. The dried 



liri-i-h's. wliieh :ii-,. ,-"11. , ,i ■, I ' ■ I [M. are black and 

 \viinl%le.l, ;iih1 const II HI, ', I : , I .ni-er of commerce. 



When the ..liter skin 1- ..i :i,.in the fruit, the 



product is White I'.-pi.. 1, II niinercial Pepper 



comes mostly from th.- .i.si.rn tr..|.ii-s. 



orn4tum, N. E. Br. Clnnlnn-, in 1,-, ft. tall, glabrous, 

 rooting at nodes: lvs. ul;il.r..its ■.■mil directed to one 

 side;" petioles slender ini.l n. :iily i.-r.-te, the blade pel- 

 tate, ovate-orbicular, with :i sln.rt. i:ither blunt point, 

 the nerves 7 but not |ii..niiii. nt ;ili..ve and uniting in 

 loops on the margin, tin- iipi.e:- Mnfn.-.- of the young lvs. 

 shining green and covered with pinkish spots, the old 

 lvs. duller and whiter-spotted. Celebes. 



met&Uicum, Lindl. Lvs. thick, rounded, handsome 

 metallic green. Borneo, 



P. Be«e, Linn. BETEL(which see). Climbing, nearly or quite 

 glabrous: lvs. large and thick, ovate-oblong-acuminate, usually 

 oblique at base, strongly 5-7-nerved: spikes often 4-6 in. long: 

 fr. very tleshy, often cohering into a long-cylindrical mass. 

 Eastern tropics. B.M. 3132. Lvs. cheweil by natives, and the 

 plant much cultivated.— P. C(//^('/>.(, liiini ( ( 'ut.i-i.;t ..fficinalis, 

 Raf.). CUBEB. Climbing or tre.lik.- U- :;l:iliV..us, oval, 

 short-acuminate, obliquely c.irdtite, th.- npl'-n- .-n.-s smaller 

 and oval-oblong: fr. resemblint; th..v,, ,,t I' nit.'rum, but 

 st.alked. E.Indies. The fr. is enii.l..,v.-.l in m.-.li.ine-P. per- 

 phyrophylhim. N. E. Br. (Cissus p(.ri>liyr..i.hyll.'i. Lindley. 

 and of horticulturists). H.andsome climljing foliage plant 

 with bro.adly cordate-oval short-pointed Ivs. that are purple 

 beneath and bronzy green and pink-spotted along the veins 

 above. Probably E. Inilies, F. .1, U: 14'.il, R H l,ss:t, p ,nt!0. 

 Lowe, 59.-P. nihninu,l.,.-.nn:^ Riill s'lii'il, ..nh , , ,1 ;,.n';. .1 

 roughish stems: K-; .■...: : , .. , ' 1 '■' ■, ' 



very gray.the i..-ti..l.- [.Ill i- 



Hort. Climbing': lvs . ,,., ! ■ ■. 



rose-colored d<.ts ;iii.l si n:ik ,;, 1, 111^' I h. \. H,, \.i\ hi. I' ..1 

 natum. and perhaps not ilistinct l';i,i)u;i, 1,11, :ii :i:i 



L. H. B. 



PIPPEEIDCfE s an English name of the Barberry; 

 for Pepperidge. see Nijssa. 



PIPSISSEWA. Se 



CI, I 



a,,hiln 



mostly clinihing shrubs, hut some are trees and some 

 herbs. The Pepper of commerce is the product of P. 

 nigrum. For Red Pepper and Chile Pepper, see Capsi- 

 cum and Pepper. 



Pipers are easy of cultivation. Most of those known 

 in our houses require a warm-house temperature and a 

 humid atmosphere. Easily multiplied by cuttings of 

 the firm wood. They are grown for the decorative value 

 of their drooping or bushy sprays. 



Plant i 



jnd bushy. 



Porst. Glabrous shrub, reaching 20 ft. in 

 some of its native places: lvs. cordate-orbicular to 

 ovate, stalked, short-acuminate, 7-9-nerved from the 

 base, the blade 2-4 in. across: .spikes solitary or in 2's, 

 short-peduncled, the staminate ones 2-3 in. long and the 

 bracts peltate, the stamens 2 or 3; pistillate spikes 

 shorter, the fls. with 3 stigmas. New Zealand and other 

 South Pacific islands. -Offered in Calif. Lvs. aromatic. 



AA. Plant climbing, or drooping when not given siip- 



B. Lvs. ovate-lanceolate, deciduous. 

 Futokadsiira, Sieb. Japanese Pepper. Clinging 

 closely to walls by its aerial roots: lvs. ovate-lanceolate 

 and acuminate, cordate at base, glabrous: fls. greenish: 

 berries red. Japan. — Handsome plant, standing con- 

 siderable frost. 



,'lobose 



the 



duncles axillary. s..lit:irv ..r .■liisi.r.,,| : iK, sumH. white, 

 sessile, in cylindrical spikis ..r -I..I...S,- li.n.ls; petals 

 usually connate to the inuMl.-. v;il\ nt,- ; .stamens 10, 

 free: pod straight or ciirvetl, flat. 2-\'alved; valves en- 

 tire, not septate within. 



Cebil, Griseb., from the Argentine Republic, is a fast- 

 growing unarnieil tive, attiiiiiiii!.' (ill ft., int. by Fran- 

 It is valued in its nmn ,• lim.i i',,i- ii.n \r.,i-l. rinnae 12- 

 I6-paired ; Iffs, '_' l-tn imir. .1 : lis, « I 

 heads about '.2 in. in .liani, in.-lii.liiii: tl 

 duncles %-l in. long: corolla fuiinel-sh:iped, l.VJ lines 

 long; stamens 10, distinct, long-exserted : pod 6-8 in. 

 long, 8-10 lines wide, straight but sinuate between the 

 seeds. j. 3. S. Norton. 



PlftTTfiEIA (A. Piquerio, Spanish botanist of eigh- 

 teenth century). Compdsita. Under the name of S^eci'd 

 serrata or S. serrafifolia, florists grow Figueria tri- 

 nfirvia, Cav. (Fig. 1833), for its small white fragrant 

 flowers and for bedding. It resembles a small Eupa- 

 torium in foliage and flowers. The small heads are 

 borne in small panicled corymbs, each cluster terminat- 

 ing a slender axillary branch or peduncle. The leaves 

 are opposite, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, serrate- 

 dentate, very short-stalked. There is a dwarf, compact 

 form (var. n&na, Hort.), and also one with broadly 



