PYRUS 



It is little prized for its fruit, altliniiijli the pears are useful 

 for preserving and some of tin' \ miciir^ ;irf sliowy and 

 the fruits are good keepei-s ; it i^ u-rd (.„■ stocks upon 

 which to work the common W-av. :iiiil ii hus given good 

 results in hybridizing. It is iiu txTflluMt ornamental 

 tree, being a clean grower of great vigor. Kleffer, 

 Le Conte and others are hybrids of P. communis and 

 P. Sinensis (Figs. 1681-3). This type has a stronger 

 growth than the common Pears, the leaves are usually 

 broader an. I ilaikir •.'letu, with closely and mostly ob- 

 tusely seiiMt K'is. til.- fruit is more or less pyriform 



and of li.ii.i- ilavc.i- than that of P. Sinensis, and the 

 calyx is eitin-r I't-rsisti-nt or deciduous. Seedlings of 

 Kiefifer often pruduce the sharply toothed leaves of P. 

 Sinensis. 



4. salicifdlia, Pall. Small tree, becoming 20 ft. tall: 

 Ivs. willow-like (whence the name), linear-lanceolate or 

 lanceolate, obtuse or short-acuminate, entire or very 

 nearly so, hoary beneath: fls. white, in corymbs, short- 

 pedicelled: fr. round-pyriform, short-stemmed, yellow 

 or greenish. Siberia. G.C. II. 14:145.— A showy spring- 

 3owering small tree, hardy in the northern states, and 

 worthy of being better known. 



5. The following species of the section Pyrophorum (Pears) 

 may be expected to appear in the trade, and some of them are 

 now growing in private collections in this country. P. auricu- 

 Idris, Knoop (P. PoUveria. Linn. P. BoUwyllcriana, DC). 

 Differs from the Pear in having softer more irregular Ivs.. 

 which are deeply serrate and sometimes almost jagged, pubes- 

 cent beneath at maturity: fr. small (/4-l>^ in. long), pyriform. 

 orange-red. hard and usually austere. Long ago discovered in 

 cultivation in Franfe. Rct;ar.l.-d as a hybrid, probably of P. 

 cnTumunis ;i!i,l P. Avia t so. Sort.usi. Commonly planted in 

 Eun.lir.ni r,,ll,.tiuiis. P,.K 17 ll:;7 LB.C. ll:1009.-i". fflni»B- 

 dahi'nrnns. \'i[t Murh likf IV ni\;.lis. hut the Ivs. broad-el- 

 liptir ur laina'-i'lliptie ;nid at maturity nearly or quite glabrous 

 beueatli: fls. white: fr. small and grt-cn, hard, top-shaped. S.E. 

 Eu. and Asia. B. R. 18:U8t (as P. nivalis).-/'. belulUMia, 

 Bnnge. Tree, to 20 ft.: Ivs. ovate-acuminate, long-stalked, 

 sharp-serrate, becoming shining green above, pale tomentose 

 beneath: fis. white, % in. across: fr. nearly globular, size of a 

 pea, brown and dotted, the calyx falling. N. China. Hardy in 

 N.England. R.H. 1879. pp. 318, 319. G.P. 7:225. A.P. 13:1396. 

 Gng. 6:309. A worthy plant for ornament, bearing a profusion 

 of fls. in advance of the Ivs. -P. BoUwylleriana. DC. See P. 

 auricularis, above. — P. elceagrifblia, Pall. Small spiny tree, the 

 young shoots tomentose: Ivs. lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 

 short-acuminate, entire, usually silky- tomentose: fls. small, on 

 densely tomentose pedicels: fr. globose-turbinate. glabrous, 

 the calyx persistent. Caucasus, S. Russia. Var. Kotschyana. 

 Boiss. (P. Kotschyana, Boiss ), is usually spineless, the foliage 

 larger (Sin. long), the fr. larger (about 1 in. in diam.) and glo- 

 bose. The specific name was first written, by Pallas, elaeagri- 

 folia (not elaeagnifoHa), because he considered elaeagrus to be 

 the proper spelling of the name of the oleaster genus, it having 

 been spelled that way by Dioscorides.— P. heterophyUa. Kegel 



PYRUS 



1471 



Linn.=P. auricularis, above. — P. Hindica, Thouin, is referred to 

 P. amygdaUformis by Boissier.— P. Tschondskii, Maxim. Tree, 

 30-40 ft. ; Ivs. ovate aciuninate, coarsely serrate, with sharp 

 teeth, shining and pilose above, somewhat tomentose beneath: 

 fr. obovoid; calyx-lobes persistent, white-tomentose, 1 in. or 

 less in diam., yellow with a rosy cheek. Japan. G.F. 7:55. 

 Sargent, Forest Fl. Japan 14 



AA. Malus, THE Apples : fr.uswaUy without grit-cells; 



styles usually united at the base. 

 B. Oriental {Old World) species: Ivs. mostly finely 

 and evenly serrate and not lobed except on strong 

 shoots; calyx either persistent on the fr. or ca- 

 ducous, 

 c. Calyx deciduous, leaving the apex of the fr. naked. 

 (Figs. 2023,2024.) 

 D. Irvs. on summer shoots more or less lobed. 

 6. Toringo, Sieb. {P. Siiboldii, Regel, not Can-.). 

 ToKiNGo or Dwarf Ckab. Fig. 2023. Shrub or dwarf 

 tree, nearly glabrous : Ivs. ovate or oblong-ovate in 

 outline, bright dark green above and thinly pubescent 

 below, becoming colored in the fall, strongly notched or 

 lobed on either side at or below the middle, the middle 

 lobe often notched again near the top, the remaining 

 margins sharply dentate: fls. small, white or blush, on 

 slender stems : fr. the size of a pea, shedding its caljfx. 

 .Japan. R.H. 1870:451; 1881, p. 296. On. 34, p. 206. 



& Schmalh. Small tree, with very variable foliage, suim- plan 

 " having Ivs. that are smooth at the margin; others are slit ai 

 almost of thread-like form: but the m.ajority exhibit forms i 

 termediate between these two extremes." Lvs. usually ova 

 in outline, but mostly pinnatifid and the 

 toothed. E.Turkestan. G.C. III. 7:ll.i.-P. ilf 

 is referred to P. amygdaUformis, by Boissier. 



M.D.G. 1899:456. Carrifere, "Pommiers Microcarpes," 

 pp. 43,62.— Grown mostly for omament,but lately recom- 

 mended as a hardy stock upon which to dwarf the 

 Apple. In Japan, the little fruits are gathered after frost 

 and preserved. Upon the fruit-spurs, the leaves are 

 sometimes only toothed, but upon barren or strong 



