aUAKING GEASS. Species of Briza. 

 QUAMASH. Camassia esnilenta. 

 QUAMOCLIT. See Ipommt. 

 ftUEEN LILY. This name ' 

 usly used for Strelitzia. 



rimaria pentapetala ; 



QUEEN OF THE PRAIRIE. Spinea lobata. 



iiH'ii-iit Liiliii nanif). Cnpnlikrw, Oak. 

 i-idiii'us or «'\tTj;reeii tret's. rarely shrubs, 

 IM-iiulrd. cnlirf <ir lul)t-il Ivs., and incon- 

 •cicMis tls.. (Ill- .staininatf nnes in slender, 

 -ely uprit,'lil. catkiii^ ( Fis. 2038); the 

 rus," consistii];; i.f a i^'lubular to oblong 

 )r embraced ciily at tin- base, or rarely 

 ip-like involucre. Tht- deciduous species 



with altcrnal.- 

 spicuous uioiH 

 pendulous, rii 

 fruits, or "ac 

 nut, inclosed 

 wholly, by a c 



are mo.stly hardy north, wliiU- of the evergreen ones 

 none seem to be hardv fartlier north than Washington, 

 U. C; some lialf-evcr;;rc.-ii Oaks, like Q. Ttirnej-i and 

 Q. Macedonica , will iin.l.ably prove hardy in the vicin- 

 ity of New York. Most of tlie Oaks are stately trees of 

 noble and majestic habit with stout, wide-spreading 

 branches; some, like Q. alba, Garryana, Virginiana 

 and chrysolepis, often cover a space more than 100 ft. in 

 diameter; others, like Q. macrocarpa, Prinus and tine- 

 loria, have a more oval, round-topped head, while Q. 

 palustris and imhricaria form symmetrical broad pyra- 

 mids. A very few hardy species are shrubs, generally 

 called Scrub Oaks, as Q. prhwides and Q. iUcifoUa. 



Oaks 



trees, and are a- i i i' ' i .. 

 as they are win n ■ . i : . 

 and woods. As ,i , 1 1 ■ 



last-named when niedium-sizi 



southern states, Q. latirifolh 



green Q. Virginiana are preferred. The shrubby 



cies, like Q. prinoides and Q. ilicifolia, may be used 



for covering rocky hillsi.Ii-s ami dry ridsres. 



Inable park and avenue 

 II grown as single trees 

 lur and forming groves 

 ,*. pahistris y rubra, coc- 

 ire among the best, the 

 trees are desired; in the 

 , uliginosa and the ever- 



Oak leaves are always beautiful. They have many 

 shades of green; especially attractive are some with 

 leaves of contrasting colors, the under side being silvery 

 white, the upper one dark green, as in Q.Muhlenbergi, 

 macrocarpa, Michauxi and some foreign evergreen spe- 



les. In many Oaks the leaves show a handsome pink 

 r crimson color when unfolding, and some species as- 

 ime brilliant autumnal tints. Especially beautiful in 



chauxi, which turn bright or dark red; Q. alba, violet or 

 vinous purple; Q. lyrata, scarlet or orange; Q. Phellos, 

 pale yellow; Q. Prinus, orange or orange-brown; Q. 

 ciineata and ilicifolia, orange-brown or yellow; Q. stel- 

 lata and nigra, brown or dull orange. Some of the for- 

 eign species, like Q. sessiliflora, and also peduncutata, 

 Cerris, lanuginosa, glandulifera and others, retain the 

 green color until late in fall. Besides our native ever 

 green species, the Japanese Q. acuta, euspidata and 



The m.-iture acorn is 

 borne on the wood of the 

 season. See No. 28. 



i/'ti" ' II ii_' 111. l.i-^r evergreen Oaks for cultiva- 



tmii ■ -■ ,ii ■■ ] I, y,pa,n Q. Ilex and Stibfr slto 



III I : III -lis liest in a moderately moist, 



rich .-.wil, ii.i l:iil;i._ I.I .1 . , ilay; some, as Q. bicolor, uli- 

 ginosa, allni. I'lnl!''.-:. i.ih;iia aud Virginiana, prefer 

 moister siiiiaiiiiiis ainl lti.w naturally in low and often 

 even in swani v ^.-n niii; while others, especially the 

 Reil Oaks. Ill . ',' rul,rii. rnrrinea, imbricaria, Marilan- 

 ili<". /• - . Mill ftilliitn. grow well in drier, rocky or 

 SI I : he 8cmb Oaks on dry and barren soil. 



rill I. I ill i Kill Oaks, and especially the Pin Oak, 

 an II iiill\ iii-ilv transplanted and large trees are 

 moved successfully, while the White Oaks are more 

 particular and only" younger nursery-grown trees can be 

 safely transplanted. 



Oaks are prop, usually by seeds sown immediately 

 after g.ithering in fall ; this is especially necessary with 

 (,>. ifllHi, Virginiana and some other White Oaks which 

 sprciul as soon as they are ripe; but only the root is pro- 

 duced ill fall, while the stem does not appear until the 

 following spring. The seeds of Red and Black Oaks, 

 and also of Q. pedunculata , if not sown at once should 

 be stratified and sown early in spring. Acorns should 

 be packed in earth, moss or sawdust when shipped for 

 a great distance. Varieties are usually grafted on potted 

 stock in the greenhouse in early spring or sometimes in 

 Augtist. As a stock Q. peduncutata is preferred, but 

 Q. rubra, tincioria and Prinus are also employed. It is 

 probably safer to graft varieties of White and of Red 

 Oak each on stock of the same group. The evergreen 

 species are sometimes increased by layers and also by 

 cuttings. 



About .SCO species are known, distributed through the 

 colder and temperate regions of the northern hemisphere 

 and in the mountains of the tropics. Almost all species 

 are trees, but sometimes become shrubby in high alti- 

 tudes or in dry and rocky or sandy localities. Lvs. 

 .short-petioled, with deciduous stipules, penninerved: 

 fls. monoecious; the staminate in slender, pendulous or 



(U76) 



