QCERCUS 



with Q. Siiber, for which see (p. Lucombeana, in sup- 

 plementary list. 



35. Siiber, Linn. Cork Oak. Tree, to 50 ft., with 

 broad round-topped head and thick, deeply furrowed, 

 spongy, elastic liark; Ivs. ovate to oblong, rounded or 

 subconlatr ;ii til.- Ka^i'. niuotely serrate, glabrous above, 



whitish t. Di.i^r li. ii.aili.l-Sin.long: fr. short-stalked; 



acorn ovale I'l- 1. t-hnm i>\ at»-,^-lMin high embraced one 



third til uiii hall l.y II up scales thick usually with 



short and oitt-u rtcui vrd tips 

 S. Europe, X. Afr. — From this 

 species cork is obtained; it is 

 much cultivated for this pur 

 pose in E. India and recentlj 

 also in California, where it 

 seems to thrive well. Q. occi 

 dentalis, Gay, seems to differ 

 only by the fr. ripening the 

 second year and by its greater 

 hardiness ; its bark is not distin 

 guished commercially from that 

 of the true Cork Oak. 



36. Ilex, Linn. Holly or 

 Holm Oak. Tree, to 60 ft., with 

 large, round-topped head; bark 

 not corky: Ivs. very variable, 

 ovate to lanceolate, remotely 

 serrate or almost entire and 

 with revolute margin, diik 

 green above, yellowish or whit 

 ish tomentose beneath, 1-3 m 

 long ; fr. 1-3, usually pedun 

 cled ; acorn ovate, embraced 

 about one -half by the cup, 

 scales thin, appressed, rarely 

 slightly spreading. S. Europe 

 M.D.G. 1898:275. Var. Ballota, 

 DC. (Q. BalUla, Desf.). L\ s 

 smaller, orbicular or broadly 

 ovate; the sweet acorn is often 

 gathered for food. Var. Fdrdu, 

 Nichols. ( Q. F6rdii, Carr. ) . Of 

 pyramidal habit with narrower 

 and smaller Ivs. R.H. 1861, pp. 

 114, 115; 1885, pp. 352, 353. Not 

 to be confounded with Q. Ford- 



iana, Herasl., a Chinese species with chestnut-like 

 leaves. 



37. Vlrginiina, Mill. {Q. vlrens. Ait.). Live Oak. 

 Figs. 2050-52. Tree, to 50 or rarely to 70 ft., with al- 

 most horizontal limbs, forming a wide spreading head ; 

 sometimes shrubby: Ivs. elliptic or oblong, usually en- 

 tire, with revolute margin, rarely witli a ffw spiny tt-eth 

 above the middle, dark green and glossy al.i.vc, wliitish 

 tomentulose beneath, 1-3 in. long: fr. |m-.Iiiii<-1i il ; a<-orn 



ovate, about 1 in. long, embraced about ■ tliiiil l.y the 



cup; scales thin, appressed. Va. to Fla.. west to Mex. 

 S. 8.8:394.395. G.F. 1:476; 5:486, 487; 6:7; 8:235. F.R. 

 1:643. Gng. 8:1. -One of the most beautiful of the 

 American Oaks and much planted as a shade and 

 avenue tree in the southern states; easily transplanted 

 and of rapid growth ; also very valuable as a timber tree. 



38. chrys61epis, Liebm. California Ln-E Oak. Maul 

 Oak. Fig. 2053. Tree, to 50, rarely to 100 ft., with wide- 

 spreading head and often pendulous branches : Ivs. 

 short-petioled, oval to oblong-ovate, acute and spiny- 

 toothed or entire, bluish or yellowish green above, glau- 

 cous beneath and covered with fulvous tomeutum when 

 young, 1-4 in. long: fr. short-stalked, ripening the sec- 

 ond year; acorn ovoid, %-!% in. high, embraced about 

 one-fourth by the shallow cup, which is often very thick 

 and densely fulvous-tomentose. Ore. to Calif. S.S. 

 8:398, 399. G.F. 5:127.-The most beautiful of the Cali- 

 fornian Oaks. 



39. agrifdlia, N^e. Fig. 2054. Similar in habit to the 

 former, sometimes shrubby: Ivs. broadly oval to ob- 

 long, sinuately spiny-toothed, usually convex, dull green 

 above, light green below, pubescent at first, lH-3 in. 

 long: fr. usually sessile; acorn conic-ovate, often elon- 

 gated, to 1}-^ in. long, embraced one-fourth to one-third 

 by the cup; scales thin, slightly pubenilous. Calif. 

 S.S. 8:403. P.F.G. 2, p. 44. F.S. 7, p. 138. 



1483 



Tan B.\rk Oak. Ever- 

 100ft.. w.tli s|,r,a.Iiug 

 branches forming a dense, broad, rouijilii.|.|M(l luad: 

 Ivs. oblong-obovate or oblong, acute, iviimi. ly .1, niati-, 

 with short acute callous teeth, fulvous-toiiHiitusf when 

 young, at maturity glabrous and pale green above, rusty 

 tomentose beneath and finally glabrous and bluish white: 

 fr peduncled icorn ovoid or ovite %-l'-^ m long em 

 braced oul\ it the base b> the shallow cup coated with 



scales, not ii 

 -Q.a. 





linear spreading scales. S. Ore. to Calif. S.S. 8:438. 

 G.F. 5:523. — One of the most beautiful Oaks of the Pa- 

 cific states. The only representative of the subgenus 

 Pasania in America. 



The species in the following list are not hardy north except 

 when mentioned: 



Q. acuta, Thunb. (Q. Buergeri, Blunie). Evergreen small 

 tree: Ivs. oblong to lanceolate, abruptly acuminate, usually 

 entire, glabrous, light green benealli. 4-7 in,: cup thick, with 

 the scales connate into couceutric rings. .Jap.. Corea. Gn. 19. 

 p. 285— Q.JEgi laps. Linn. Evergreen tree, to 60 ft,: allied 



lart,'^-, with spreading, ilat. lanceolate 

 ni li.ilf shorter than acorn, S, Italy, 



!i Evergreen shrub: Ivs, orbicular 



uL' ;il'iive. yellow-tomentose beneath, 

 i-curved lanceolate bracts: acorn l^in. 

 long. Creta, Gu. 18, p. 480; 40, p, 95, A,tT, 13:436,— 0, JSwrffert, 

 Blume = Q, acuta,— Q, hambvsoemia. Fort., not Hance. = Q. 

 Vibrayana,- Q, brevifbUa, Sarg. = Q. cinerea,- Q, castana-fdlia, 

 C. A, Mey, Half evergreen tree, to 70 ft, : Ivs, oblong-lanceo- 

 late, serrate, tomentuloso hr-urath, rarely almost glabrous, 

 4-6 in, long: cup -with l;nir, ,.l.-,t.. i.-.-urv.-.\ .scales. W, Asia to 

 N, Persia, Not or only half li.-ir.ly iimtli —Q. Catesbtvi, Michx. 

 Tree, to 60 ft,: Ivs, siiuilar t.. i li.,,s, ,.f (,i. i-uneata, but rufous- 

 tomentose when young, g!;ihro\is at h-iit:th. except axillary tufts 

 beneath, very short-petioled; cup tuil.iuate. N. (.', to Fla, and 

 La, S,S, 8:417,— Q, Chapmani, Sarg. IQ. obtusiloba, var, par- 

 vifolia, Chapm,), UsuaUy shrub, rarely sm,all tree; allied to 

 Q, stellata: Ivs, obovateoblong and entireor slightly sinuately 

 lobed towardthe apex, S, Cto Fla, .S,S, 8:370.— y, Chinmsit, 

 Abel, See Q, sclerophylla,— 0, cin/'rea. Michx, Blde Jack. 

 Small tree: allied to Q. imbricaria. but Ivs, tomentulose be- 

 neath, smaller, elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, half-evergreen: 

 cup saucer-shaped; acorn snbglobose, N. C. to Fla. and Tex. 

 S,S, 8:431,— Q. coceifera, Linn, Evergreen small tree or shmb: 

 Ivs, oval to oblong, spinose-dentate, almost glabrous, 1-2 in. 

 long: cup with spreading or recurved rigid scales: maturation 

 biennial, S, En,- 0, aispid&ta. Thunb, Evergreen tree, to 

 40 ft,, with slender branches: Ivs, ovate to oblong, acuminate, 

 erenately serrate toward the apex or entire, ghabrons at length, 

 1H-3K in, long: fr. in short spikes; cup ovate, enclosing the 



