18 



7. Spinach or beet leaf-miner, Chortophila (Pegomya) hi/o- 

 scyami Panz. 



Beets and spinach plants are often found with raised or 

 blistered blotches or channels in the leaves, these areas eventu- 

 ally turning brown and dying, rendering the plants unfit for 

 greens. The cause of this damage is a small maggot which 

 feeds between the two surfaces of the leaf. The adult of this 

 maggot is a two-winged fly resembling the common house fly, 

 but somewhat smaller. The eggs deposited by the female 

 flies on the leaves hatch into minute maggots which immedi- 

 ately enter the leaves. When full grown the maggots usually 

 leave their channels and pupate in the soil or in some protected 

 place at the base of the plant. 



Control. — Unfortunately there is no satisfactory remedy 

 for this insect. In small gardens all blotched leaves should be 

 removed and burned before the maggots leave the foliage to 

 pupate. 



Attacking Cabbages, Caulifloivers, Radishes and Turnips. 



1. Cutworms (see page 9). 



2. Wireworms (see page 10). 



3. Flea beetles (see page 12). 



4. Cabbage root maggot, Chortophila (Pegomya) brassicae 

 Bouche. 



This is a serious pest of all cruciferous crops. The adult 

 fly resembles the common house fly, but is somewhat smaller. 

 About the time cabbages and cauliflowers are set out, or when 

 radishes and turnips appear above ground, the small, white 

 elongate eggs are deposited by the female flies at the base of 

 the stems. These soon hatch, and the small white maggots 

 at once burrow into and destroy the roots. About one month 

 later the maggots are full grown and leave their host plants to 

 pupate in the soil. Adult flies emerge from these pupae in a 

 short time and lay eggs for a new generation. Injury thus con- 

 tinues from May until autumn, but the majority of the dam- 

 age occurs during May and June, when the plants are small. 



Control. — Early cabbages and cauliflowers may be pro- 

 tected from attack by placing around the stems discs or collars 

 made of one-ply tarred felt. Do not use ordinary tarred build- 



