ELYMUS 



£LY1IUS (Greek, rolled up or enveloped). Gra- 

 mlnece. LviiE Grass. Wild Rye. Erect perennial 

 grasses, with flat or convolute Ivs. and closely-fld. termi- 

 nal spikes: spikelets 2-6-fld., often long-awned, the up- 

 permost imperfect, sessile, in pairs (rarely inS's or 4's), 

 at the alternate notches of the continuous or articulate 

 rachis, forming terminal spikes; empty glumes acute 

 or awn-pointed, persistent and subtending the fls. 

 like an involucre. Species about 20, in the temperate 

 regions of Eu., Asia and N. Amer. For E. Hijstrix, see 

 Asperella. 



areniriua, Linn. Sea Lyme Grass. Stout, coarse 

 perennial, 2-8 ft. high, with strong, creeping rootstocks: 

 Ivs. long, rigid, smooth: spikes dense, terminal, G-12 in. 

 long; spikelets about 1 in. long and .S-4-fld.-One of the 

 best grasses known for binding the drifting sands of 

 our Atlantic and Pacific coasts, especially when com- ■ 

 bined with Beach Grass {nee Ammopliila arenaria) . The 

 seed is also used by the Digger Indians for food. 



Canadensis, Linn. Canada Lyme Grass. Terrel 

 Grass. Rather stout, smooth perennial, 3-5 ft. high, 

 with broad, flat Ivs. 6-12 in. long : spikes 4-9 in. long, 

 exserted, nodding spkelets very r'g'd 3 d fld fl 

 glumes long-awned Co n 

 men in low thickets ani 

 along streams in rich open 

 woods t hrosghout the 

 country. — Cult, as a 

 ornamental plant. ^ ar 

 glaucifdlius, Gray (E 

 glaucifdlius, Hort ) 

 pale and glaucous through 

 out, with usually m e 

 slender awns. Cult i n 

 ornamental grass. 



condensitus.Presl Cat 

 Rye Grass. The Hrge t 

 of the native Rye Gra e 

 growing to the he ght f 

 5-10 ft. : culms in den e 

 tufts, stout : spikes 8 

 to 1% ft. long, very \% 

 able, compact or n 

 rupted, bearing bran h n 

 clusters of spikelet 

 each" joint. Common 

 the Rocky mounta n re 

 gions and the Pacific slope 

 — Useful for binding the 

 loose sands on ra Iway 

 banks. Cult, as an orm 

 mental grass. 



glatious, Regel. A g u 

 cous-leaved, dense, ce p 

 tose, hardy perennial gra 

 3-4 ft. high, with ve 

 short, smooth Ivs 

 erect, elongated sp k 

 spikelets in 2's, er 

 usually 5-fld., densely 

 lous - pubescent, sho 

 awned. Turkestan. — R 

 ly in cult, as an oma u 

 tal grass, p. B. Ken-^e 



EMILIA (perhaps ai 

 sonal name). C'ompd 

 Herbs, perennial or 

 nual : related to Senec 

 but always without rays 

 heads rather small, the n 

 volucre very simple an 1 

 cup-shaped, with n( m 11 

 outer scales: akene w 1 

 all perfect. A doz 

 scribed from Africa 

 species in common u t 



fl4mmea, Cass. (E sag t Ita DC E soncl fol a 

 Hort., not DC. E so ch fdl a, L nn , var sag UAta 

 Clarke. CaccLlia eocchiea, Sims, B.M. 564. C. son 

 chifdlia, Hort., not Linn. C. sagitt&ta, Vahl. Se 



ENCEPHALARTOS 



529 



flammea 



e ngle floret 

 el e een le 

 1 P Ij a One 



necio sag tt }f 4 Hoffm ) Tassel, Flower Flora's 

 Paint Brlsh F ;, 61 \ neat annual erect 1 ' ft., 

 h h ir\ the long stems tein i ated 

 11 nrl t e Men ^ ell w n the form 

 " Uoi g or 



glabrous 

 b clustei 

 c. lied C 

 ovate K 

 dentate 



E p rp o c 

 sonchitol L nn ^ 



often more or le s 1 r o Irk 



heads fewer n the cl ter and the nvoluc 

 lone as the florets Apparently not n cult 



florets. 



not Hort Caoalia 

 nch) Rad cal Its. 

 r 1 d ela p ng, 



arly ; 



ountry. 

 L H B. 



EMMENANTHE (Greek el g fl e the per- 

 sistent corollas reta n their bhipe vl eu drj like ever- 

 lasting flowers) Sjlojljin t Half a dozen an- 

 nual herbs from western North A en i of wl ch the 

 most interesting species wa 1 tr luce 1 to c It vation 

 in 1892, under the name of California Yellow or Golden 

 Bells. It grows 9-12 in. high, forming bushy plants, 

 each branch loaded with broadly bell-shaped, pendulous, 

 unwithering flowers, about half an inch long, of creamy 

 yellow. The general effect of a branch suggests the 

 lily-of-the-valley, but the foliage is pinnatiM. The 

 lasting character of the fl. distinguished the genus from 

 its allies, the nearest of any garden value being Pha- 

 celia. Corolla lobes 5 ; stamens 5; style 2-cut. The spe- 

 cies named below belongs to a section of the genus, 

 with calyx lobes broader downward, and coarsely pitted 

 seeds. All the others have the calyx lobes broader up- 

 wards and the seeds more or less wrinkled transversely. 



pendulifldra, Benth. California Yellow or 

 Golden Bells. Somewhat sticky, with long or short, 

 soft hairs: Ivs. pinnatifid, lobes numerous, short, 

 somewhat toothed or sharply cut : ovules about 16: 

 s.-i-.ls 1 line long. Calif. G.C. III. 11:339. ^y M. 



EMPfiTEUM (Greek, en, in, petros, rock ; growing 

 often on rocks). EmpetrAcea. Crowberby. Evergreen, 

 hardy, prostrate or creeping, heath-like shrubs, with 

 small, crowded Ivs., inconspicuous purplish fls., and 

 globose, red or black, edible berries. They grow best in 

 moist, sandy or peaty soil, and are especially handsome 

 for rockeries. Prop, usually by cuttings of nearly rip- 

 ened wood in late summer under glass. One species 

 through the northern hemisphere in mountainous and 

 arctic regions, also in S. America. Lvs. generally lin- 

 ear, thick, alternate : fls. dioecious, small, 1-3 axillary, 

 nearly sessile, 3-merous : fr. a 6-10-seeded drupe. 



nigrum, Linn. Lvs. linear to linear-oblong, glabrous 

 or nearly so, entire, %-Ji in. long : fls. purplish: fr. 

 black, about one-fifth in. in diam. Var. purpiireum, DC. 

 i 1 . red. Arctic and boreal N. Am. Var. Tiibrum, DC. {E. 



iiinim, Vahl). Young branches and margins of lvs. 



1 lous, hence the plant grayish green: fr. red. Antarc- 

 ..- ,S. Am. B.R. 21:1783. Alfred Rehder. 



ENCfiLIA (meaning obscure). Compdsitce. About 20 

 species of American herbs, chiefly western, often woody 

 at base. The following was introduced by Pranceschi, 

 8anta Barbara, Calif., and has fls. 2% in. across, with 

 yellow rays and a black disk. Has probably never been 

 tried in the East. 



Caliibmica, Nutt. Woody at base, 2-4 ft. high, 

 stroug-scented, rather hoary, or becoming green : lvs. 

 1-2 in. long, ovate to broadly lanceolate, usually entire, 

 indistinctly 3-ribbed from the base, abruptly stalked: 

 rays numerous, 2^-toothed : seeds ohovate, with long, 

 silky hairs on the callous margins and a shallow notch 

 at the tip. 



ENCEPHALARTOS (Greek, en, within, kephale, head, 

 and artos, bread; alluding to the bread -like interior of 

 the trunk). OycadAcea. Grand cycads from tropical and 

 southern Africa, grown chiefly for their splendid ever- 

 green foliage. Nineteen or less species. The finest pic- 

 ture of an Encephalartos in any American periodical is 

 probably that in Garden and Forest 4:209, accompany- 



