FRITILLARIA 



a lover of all fair flowers," by whose "procurement," 

 Parkinson says, it was secured through Turkey. All 

 the remaining kinds are rarer. 



As a rule, the kinds that are chiefly purple or green, 

 or mixtures of both colors, are dull, unattractive and cu- 

 rious compared with the few kinds that have brilliant 

 yellow or red. Of the duller and purple kinds, 2 of the 

 choicest, next to F. Meleatiris, are >'. tulipifolia (which 

 19 flamed like a tulip and never checkered) and F. 

 Camtschatcensis, great masses of which in Alaska make 

 one of the "summer sights" remembered by the tourists. 

 The white in Fritillaries is perhaps always more or less 

 greenish, and the white color in t'.Melengris is as good 

 as in any species. By f;ir the most brilliant of the 

 genus is F, rt'rntr.: , win .h i~ also the most difficult 

 of culture. Next . .me F. liiten, niireti, 



Mofjgridqei and / ' i,l>- individual and all 



yellow, some clierk. i r,i, .,t i,, i ■ im.i. 



The culture of Fntilhirifs is rather complicated, 2 

 kinds capable of being naturalized, some cult, iu bor- 

 ders, some in rockeries and others in pots. The 

 Crown Imperial, being exceptionally vigorous, requires 

 the deepest planting, richest soil and most room. The 

 earth should be trenched. Well rotted manure may be 

 worked into the soil 6 in. below the bulbs and the bulbs 

 set on a level 6 in. from the surface of the ground. This 

 species has the largest fls. in the genus. If possible it 

 should be shaded from the midday sun, as southern ex- 

 posures are said to make the fls. smaller and shorter 

 lived. 



In border cultivation the essential peculiarities are a 

 sheltered, shady site, early fall-planting.-, clivisimi every 



which is not too cold or too retrnth-- 'if tiM'isture. 

 Bulbs of the taller kinds mav be plant.-. I .i-l in. .l.-ep; 

 bulbs of the dwarf kiii.ls mnv I.e s.-t at halt that depth. 

 As all Fritillarii.s ui.t. ;.-.■ i;un.l!i- l.y offsets, it is desir- 

 able to lift ati.i .1] .It least every 3 years, 

 or the small Lull- i . i ijunes. For the" same 



The dH 



rf an.l 

 ? leaf-ii 



seeds, 

 nore ca 

 •E. J.," 



1 Gn. 52, 



:)lescf 



■ight-fld 



pp. 2-12-244, says that such p 

 carpet through which they may spring, ai 

 Sedum Hispuiik-iim or \tn\iu\ ijhnir,i m a 

 feet carpet possible, takinir tli.- l.-ast \'v 

 giving the least possible rt- si,iau.-i- i.. tl. 

 "Such carpets must of nei.'essity 1..- [.lanr- 

 creeping growth, such as some of tin- 

 saxifrages or aubrietias, that do not niiii. 

 turbance and are easily replaced." F.ir tl 

 culture in rockeries and pots, see Alpiti 

 Bulbs. 



Our native Fritillaries, which incluile 

 recnvva and piidica, are confined to the Pacific co 

 Of these Carl Purdy makes 2 cultural groups, base. 

 the character of bulb, the kind of soil ati.l tin- co 

 tions of shade. The first group contain- /'.' ',. h 



cea and phiri flora : the second /-','., 



cinea, lanceoUittr, piirviffora , pnih<<> - : 

 former grow in open fields iu heav\ . -ill -.lU; nic 

 ter iu shady ■wools, in well drained'suils. Inn l-\ pn, 

 does not need as much shade as the others of its grc 

 and must have sandy loam and slight sheltei 

 native of the sandy sage brush region, east of the Sierra 

 Nevada and Cascade Mts. The bulbs of the first group 

 are composed of thick, heavy scales attached to a thin, 

 rhizomatous base; in the second group the bulbs are of 

 one piece, and low-conical in form, their sides thickly 

 covered with small, round, white rice-like offsets. For 

 the first group Purdy recommends a rich loam, and a 

 slight shade to draw out the stems and prolong the 

 bloom; for the second group a light, loose soil, rich in 

 mold, a sheltered place and considerable shade. At 

 the best these are not profuse in their bl^om. E. J. ad- 

 vises that the bulbs of F. recurva should be planted 

 with the least possible delay. 



The key to the various subgenera 

 sentially Baker's in his nmnosrr.-iiib 

 Linn. Soc. 14:2.".l . I-:.' : r i m i, 

 botanical and Imn : : i; I 

 such simple ami .i- 

 and style. The nenai-i.-s ,„- -lan.is a 



It is 



FRITILLARIA 611 



reliable, but they help to ^ive a sense of the natural 

 groups in this large genus. 



A. Bulbs tunicated {i.e.,coared). 

 B. StuleS-etit. 



D. Glands distinci and 



prominent, egual. Species Subgenera 



E. Glinidx long 1. EUFRITILLAEIA 



EE. Glands wide 2-14. MONOCODON 



DD. Glands obscure, equal, 



long NOTHOLIRION 



BB. Stjile undivided. 



c. Glands equal, obseure 15-17. AMBLIRION 



cc. Glands unequal, prominent 



u. Glands long 18. Korolkowia 



DD. Glands short Rhinopetalcm 



AA. Bulbs scaly. 



B. Style undivided 19-'-f i . Therisi a 



BB. Style 5-cut. 



C. Capsuh's artit'hj inif/led. 

 D. Fls. xidihini ..;■ race- 



mos, 22-25. GONIOCARPA 



DD. Fls. Ill iiiiiliils 26. Petilium 



cc. Capsule obtusely angled ..27-30. Liliorhiza 



lutea. 8. recurva, 27. 



Meleagris. 1. Raddeana, 26. 



,30. meleagroides, II. Ruthenica, 6. 



minor, 11. Sewerzowi, 18. 



Moggridgei. 3. Thunbergi. 4. 



Oranensis, 13. tubaeformis, 3. 



Imperialis. 26. pallidlflora, 10. tulipifolia, 15. 



Kamschatcensis, 30. parvitlora, 23. vertieillata, 4. 



lanceolata, 22. Persioa, 19. Walnjewi, 5. 



delpld 



■iflora, 21, 



WhittaUi. 



1. Meleigris, Linn. Figs. 871-873. Distinguished 

 from No. 2 by the glands 5-6 lines long and stigmas 

 half as long as the style. Typically 1-fld. England 

 and Norway, through central Eu. to Caucasus. Gn. 

 32:026; 47, p. 330; 52, p. 243.-In the Eng- 

 lish meadows whitish and purplish forms 

 are found which are more or less check- 

 ered. The Dutch bulb-growers keep at 

 least 10 kinds distin.-t. Tlu- -xtiemes of 

 color-range are ili ;i -ri.tn-h white. (2) 

 a sufficient degr(-(- ..I [..ii-pl,- i.. make the 

 checkering as distliii-i a-, p..* 

 an approach to y. IIi.h. s..n 



872, 

 and pistil of 

 Pritillaria 

 Meleaeris. 

 From F 1 o r 

 Danica, sho^ 

 ing the 3-ei 



so widely as to !.•- alni,.^ 

 Var. cont6rta, an ..1.1 nn.ns 

 of segments free all tin- 

 way, and a shouldered 

 base, has the lower third 

 of the perianth united into 

 afunnel-sbaped tube. The 

 yellow of s.,„„. tls. is ,-„n- 



portant char- jectur 

 aeter In this of a i 

 genus. made 



lliSO. 



Enp 



below is es- 

 itin in Jour. 

 ■ns that the 

 .'p in using 

 .■ of the bulb 

 s useful and 



land the species flowers toward the end of 

 April. It is the best"all-round "species. 



2. Whlttallil, Baker. Height 1 ft.: 

 stem 1-fld.: Ivs. linear, glaucous: fls. 

 checkered green and brown. Mt. Tau- 

 rus. Int. 1893. 



^ tubaeformis <Tren & Godr (F delphininsis, 

 Gi 1 II by the glands 3-4 lines long and 



vt Alps Baker gi\es the same color 



ni I, IS but DK in Gn 12, p 537, 



u I color a purplish brown faintly 



m ik 1 1 1 I j: to 1 pKnt that fls in 



luh H irible form is var M6g 



gndgei, I ' Hort ) with its bright 



yellow cl th bright red or leddish 



brown 1 1 1 from the maritime \lps 



