626 



GAECINIA 



is usually regarded as a consummate achievement in 

 the art o£ gardening. 



Uangost&na, Linn. Manqosteen. Fig. 893. Height 

 20 ft.: Ivs. 7-8 in. long, elliptic: fls. reddish; petals 4: 

 fr. about2Kin. indiam. B.M. 4847. L.B.C. 9:845. F.S. 

 22:2359. G.C. II. 4:657. 



Morilla, Desr. Gamboge Tbee. Height 30-50 ft. : Its. 

 more tapering at both ends: fls. yellowish: fr. resem- 

 bling a Morello cherry in size and shape. -yy jj 



The Mangosteen is a native of the Malay peninsula 

 and archipelago. It is cultivated, and bears fruit in 

 some parts of Ceylon and in a few spots in the Madras 

 Presidency, but no success has been obtained in its cul- 

 tivation in other parts of India. DeCandolle, in his " Ori- 

 gin of Cultivated Plants," says: "Among cultivated 

 plants it is one of the most local, both in its origin, habi- 

 tation and cultivation." In the West 

 Indies it is successfully cultivated in 

 Trinidad and Jamaica, but only in 

 spots where the climate is moist, hot 

 and fairly equable all through the 

 year ; for instance, in the Jamaica 

 Botanic Gardens it bears good crops of 

 fair-sized fruit at Castleton, in a val- 



^- 



J93. The Mangosi. 

 Garcinia MangosT;ir! i 



One of the choicest 

 tropical fruits. 



ley on the north side, with a mean temperature of 7C° F. 

 and an annual rainfall of 113 inches, whereas attempts 

 to grow it have failed at Hope Gardens, in the Liguanea 

 plain of the south side, with a mean temperature of 72° 

 and an annual rainfall of 52 inches. Experience in 

 southern India is much the same; it will grow only in 

 valleys,— not in the open plains. In England the tree 

 has been grown in hothouses and the frait ripened suc- 

 cessfully. 



The Gamboge Tree is much more widely distributed, 

 being native throughout India, Ceylon, Malaya and 

 Siam. As one might expect, its cultivation is easy, as it 

 stands a considerable amount of variation of moisture 

 and heat. In Jamaica it has become naturalized in some 

 parts of the wetter districts. -^ysj, Fawcett. 



GARDEN and GAEDENING. The word Garden 

 etymologically means an inclosed space, and Garden- 

 ing is. therefore, distinguished from agriculture by be- 

 ing carried on within an inclosure of some kind instead 

 of in the open fields. Gardening operations are usually 



GARDENIA 



conducted on a smaller scale than those of agriculture, 

 and by more intensive methods. Gardening and horti- 

 culture are really synonymous terms, but, by usage, a 

 horticulturist is supposed to have a more extended 

 training and wider range of activities than a gardener. 

 Jloreover, the word Gardening now suggests more of 

 the private, homelike and personal point of view, 

 whereas the most distinctive feature of American hor- 

 ticulture ia the immense commercial importance of 

 fruit-growing on a greater scale than that of Old World 

 Gardening, and a marked emphasis of the professional 

 side of a fruit-grower's work. The history and discus- 

 sion of Gardening are, therefore, set forth in this book 

 under Horticulture. Large private places are often 

 divided into Fruit Garden, Kitchen Garden and Flower 

 Garden. Fruit-growing is the same as Pomology 

 (which see). Kitchen-Gardening, in its widest sense, is 

 the same as Vegetable-Gardening (which see), or the 

 more learned word, Olericulture; but the expression 

 Kitchen-Gardening is now less common, and generally 

 indicates the private and uncommercial point of view, 

 whereas Market-Gardening and Truck-Gardening 

 (which are practically the same) are now the chief 

 words used for the wholesale and commercial side of 

 Vegetable-Gardening in the U. S. Flo-.ver-Gardeiiing, a 

 third primary division of Garden- 

 ing, is the same as Floriculture 

 (which see). Under Ornamental 

 Gardening and Landscape Garden- 

 ing are explained the two different 

 laiiiits of view in the use of plants 

 and flowers for their 

 own sakes or when 

 grouped for artistic 

 effects, the nature- 

 like or picturesque 

 \^ - V conception being set 



~^- _^\ forth under Land- 

 " -'■ '^^ scape Gardening, and 

 the artiflcial or mere- 

 ly decorative styles 



Gardening. America 

 being the only coun- 

 try where cut-flowers 

 important at present than 

 Its, a special article is de- 

 this work. Other depart- 

 of Ornamental Gardening are treated un- 

 -ii r Greenhouse Management, Alpine Gardens 

 ni'huliug Kock Gardens), Aquatics (including 

 i'."t; (rardens). Trees, Shrubs, Herbaceous Per- 

 ennials and Annuals. 



GASDENEE'S GAETEE. Aruwlo Donui, 

 var. rarieijala, and PhaUiris arundinncea , var. 



GAEDi;NIA( after Alexander Garden, M. D. , of Charles- 

 ton, S.C, a correspondent of Linnfeus). BnhiAceir. This 

 includes the Cape Jasmine, a tender shrub 2-6 ft. high, 

 with thick, evergreen foliage and large double, waxy 

 Camellia-like, fragrant fls. It blooms from May to Sept. 

 in the South, where it is often used for hedge.s, and is 

 hardy as far north as Va. In the middle of the century 

 the Cape Jasmine was considered one of the finest stove 

 shrubs in cultivation, but with the waning popularity of 

 Camellias the doom of the Cape Jasmine as a conserva- 

 tory plant was sealed. The Camellia has a greater range 

 of color, and has had hundreds of varieties, while its 

 scented rival has had barely a dozen. The flowers of the 

 Cape Jasmine have never been so perfectly regular as 

 those of a Camellia, and the plants are very subject to 

 insect enemies. Their bloom is successional rather than 

 close, and large plants are therefore not so shovry as 

 Camellias. They are considerably grown abroad for cut- 

 fls. in early spring, young plants a season or two old be- 

 ing used for best results. The variety with variegated 

 foliage is dwarfer and weaker growing. The true botani- 

 cal name of the Cape Jasmine is G. jaxmhin'ides, a 

 name almost never used in the trade. "Cape Jasmine" 

 itself is one of the most remarkable cases of the vitality 

 of an erroneous popular name. Thesinele-fld. form was 



commercially mor 

 o trade in potted pi 

 led to Cut-flowers i 



