656 



GOODYERA 



OrchidAceie, tribe Neottiea. This genus includes the 

 Rattlesnake Plantain an<l a few other dwarf terrestrial 

 orchids of minor importance which are cult, chiefly for 

 their variegated foliage. They grow a few inches high, 

 with scapes S-l.'i in. high at most. About 2.5 species. 

 Lvs. radical, usually reticulately veined: fls. in dense 

 or loose spikes; labellum saccate; anther on the back 

 of the column. 



A. Eardij native plants. 

 B. Labellum stronghj inflated, with a short tip. 



pubSscens, R. Br. Rattlesnake Plantain. Fig. 

 920. Lvs. ovate, deep green ; veins netted, 

 white: scape stout: spik.- .Ifust-, ovate in outline 

 before anthesis: Hs. f,-lM)Mi!,ii , wliiii-li; l.iMk of 

 stigma short, obscure. \ 'I' I'hi.wcst 



to Mich, and Minn. L.I'.' ' i tt, Mn. 



2:54. P. 8.15:1555. A.il.l: _-r,,iMi;; ._n. should 

 be grown in ordinary loam mixoil w itU i/iiiu UL-cdks 

 and dry pine twigs. Not well suited for green- 

 house cult. 



BE. Labellum saccate, with an elongated tip. 



c. Beak of the stigma shorter than its body. 



ripens, R. Br. Lvs. ovate to oblong-lanceolate; 

 veins dark : spike 1-sided : labellum with a re- 

 curved tip. L.B.C. 20:1987. B.B. 1:474. Rhodora, 

 1, plate 1. Var. ophioldes, Pernald (Fig. 921), 

 is the commoner form of this species, with very 

 broadly marked lvs. 

 cc. Beak as long as or longer than the stigma. 



tesBeiata, Lodd. (G. piMscens, var. minor). 

 Lvs. broadly ovate to oblong-lanceolate; venation 

 exceedingly variable: scape slender: spike loose: 

 fls. white; labellum less saccate than in 

 0. repens ; tip straight. B.M. 2540. 

 L.B.C. 10:952. Rhodora J, plate 

 Confused by tradesmen with the next. 

 -Should be planted out in a rockery 

 in shade, the roots being firmly placed 

 among dead pine needles and 



loam. Referred by Index Kew- ,. s^-" '"i"^^?^ 



ensis to C puftesccjis. / ' ^r.'SAi •• ..■^~^- 



BBB. Labellum scarcely sac 

 cate, margin involute. 



M6nziesii,T.indl. Plant rather 

 large: veins netted: spike somewhat 

 1 -sided. Western U. S. to northern N. 

 Eng. B. B. 1:475. -Advertised by 

 Dutch dealers. 



aa. Tender exotics, cnlt. under glass. 

 B. Lvs. tvith a whitish midvein. 



veltltina, Maxim. Fls. whitish, tinged 



rose. Japan. P. S. 17:1779. -*"" "" 



BE. Lvs. with ichite, netted veins. 



SchlechtendalUna, Reichb. f. (G. Jap6nica, Blume). 

 In general appearance like G. tesselata. Lvs. ovate: 

 spike loose: fls. white. Japan. -Once advertised by 

 Pitcher & Manda. 



GOOEA NUT is a name for the Cola. 

 GOOSEBERRY. The noosol.orrv and the currant are 



two of the hard i.-' f;,l" - ^f) l-l, fun'.. Tio- li:0 iv.-. f,,,-,,, ; 



rangefar norti, ■ ••. 1 ■ • ' ■• ■ . ■■ /,' -. . 



lings of theso :u • ' i ■ ^ - 1 : i ■ ■ : . . 



comparatively i. ■ • ' , li ;, i i . 



have been oult. ' >:::-. Tlnr..: 



vari'eti'.'s'iuV.'h" ' ii ■ .- i .-:■:,, 1 7,-0. The Goose- 

 berry 1 :ini' :i : • I .ancashire weav- 

 ers, who slmuM li' ir. .!i:rcl ■,. :!li il.i-, great develop- 

 ment. Miller, IT.'il, says it would be useless to attempt 

 an enumeration of varieties. In America the Gooseberry 

 ha,s been a neglected fruit. With wild forms in abun- 

 dance, types greatly superior to those from which the 



GOOSEBERRY 



immense English varieties were derived, with a crying 

 need for better table varieties, practically nothing has 

 been done to improve the natives. Our natives have not 

 been improved primarily because the American people 

 have never acquired or cultivated a taste for the fresh 

 fruit of the Gooseberry. In England the fruit of many 

 of the large, flne-flavored varieties is used uncooked. 

 In America the fruit of the Gooseberry is thought of 

 only in connection with pie (tart) or jam, and when 

 transformed into these food products, flavor, while of 

 some importance, is but a minor consideration. The 

 claim that English Gooseberries are less palatable than 

 the natives is quite true, when passed upon from 

 this standpoint. The best cooking apples are not 

 usually prized in the raw state on the table, and 

 versa. The point is this-and it is worth mak- 

 ing— that there are dessert Gooseberries and also 

 culinary Gooseberries. We should keep the classes 

 distinct, and work for the production of varieties 

 with the vigor of our natives and quality and size 

 of fruit of the best European. Houghton was pro- 

 duced nearly 70 years ago, and Downing from 



of 



ag, about 



rieties represent the Amer- 



5 possible that Downing is 



tween Houghton and some 



i'he habit of the plant partakes 



pean characteristics. Downing 



f soil. — The largest and 

 fo\ind upon rich bottom 

 :u'v. clay loams give best 

 results. No amouoi of |, ji ilizing will bring sandy 

 soil into condiii'ii -uiinl,!, to the successful cul- 

 ture of the (Joo^i hoiTv anvwliere in this country 

 except, perhaps, along the north Atlantic and north 

 Pacific seaboards. Good results have been secured 

 in the Lake Ontario fruit region on reddish, cal- 

 careous cla. 



fruit dors rii.t ilroi- in«ily. and the 

 nun mildew. 

 1 - the aspect 



ental region a .sharp, north 

 lope on a cool, clay loam ridge 

 tial to the fullest suc- 

 cess. A clover sod turned under 

 anil thorouL-lilv w.u-ki-dup is an 

 i.air.ti.ui for the 

 mtati.ui. Aheavy 



yard mauure may tend to make 

 the soil too porous and too eas- 

 ily dried out. If applied the sea- 

 ; son previous to setting the 

 plants, and the land is cropped 

 with potatoes, it will be left in 

 good condition to receive the Gooseberries. 



Gooseberries, particularly the English kinds, will en- 

 dure more shade than most fruit plants, provided the 

 soil is suitable. Good results are often secured by 

 planting in rather densely shaded city gardens. Where 

 these conditions prevail, special attention should be 

 paid to maintaining an open head, in order to discour- 

 age the growth of mildews. 



Planting and training. -The Gooseberry vegetates at 

 a low temperature. It should, therefore, be planted as 

 soon as the ground can be worked in spring. A better 

 I Inn is to plant early in autumn. It m-n-bc tr'.ii'=r''"'it«''i 

 ; -fully as early as August l.'i ^■■•••'' '■' itnio!.' 42 

 . ' -. and north of that line from - : : ■ i ' ! '•]■ to 

 :,. I '-iiiuing of frosty weather. W : i' in 



;ui;'.;iiiii, the surface of the ground sli. i:M 1m i b-r-iiL'lily 

 mulched with straw or manure. The English varieties 

 grow somewhat larger than the American type, and re- 

 quire rather more space. The plants are variously dis- 

 tanced, according to the inclination of the grower; 6x3, 

 5x3, and 4x4 ft. apart for garden culture are the com- 

 moner distances at which the plants are set. 



The training of the Gooseberry is exceedingly simple. 

 It bears most freely on 2- and 3-year-old wood. The aim 



