658 



GOOSEBERRY 



GOOSEFOOT 



928 An A 



partakes largely of European characteristics. Downing 

 is the most widely planted of all Gooseberries in America 

 (Fig. 929); fruitmedium size, oval, green; plant upright, 

 vigorous, healthy, productive. Houghton, an old favor- 

 ite; fr. small, iv.mMl. dark r. d. -..,„! (juality. Pearl; 

 almost iilcrii iral wjili 1 ).,\\ II in--. <ii" \\ liii-h it is a seedling. 

 Josselvn; If. larL''. I'.'l. ii\al; plaiii \i;;orous and pro- 

 lific. Aii..ih.r |.r..iiiiMii- naiiv,. in|m- is li. Cynoshati, 

 represeuted by the Jlathi-ws, ui b.wa origiu. 



Propagation. — This is eflC ected in three principal ways. 

 (1) Cuttings : The Gooseberry does not " strilte " very 

 readily from cuttings. Native varieties root more freely 

 than English types. The cuttings may be taken in the 

 fall, as soon as the wood is ripened. They should be 

 7 to 9 in. long. They may be set in the ground at once, 

 or tied in bundles and buried in the ground, or stored in 

 a cold cellar over winter. The cellar must be cold- 



pill 



the 



3 feet apart and give i 

 gation by layorintr is i 

 this purpose, |.laiits 

 should be vigun.us a 

 back severely in tlir ; 

 courages a densL-, im^ 

 by plowing a furrow 



Set cuttings in nursery row 

 'ulture. (2) Layers; Propa- 

 nmon nursery practice. For 

 1 years old are used. They 

 aithy. They should be cut 

 1 or early spring. This en- 

 'Wth. The layering is done 

 St the row on each side and 



forcing the branches down by throwing soil directly on 

 top of the bushes. In moist regions a comparatively 

 small amount of covering Is necessary. In dryish re- 

 gions 5 or 6 inches of soil is necessary In the fall the 

 soil is removed and the rooted branches separated from 

 the parent bush leaving buds for the production of 

 shoots the following season or the entire plant may be 

 takenup and divi I 1 C) P t uttings Native Goose 

 berrie miy U I ) | t 11 \ cuttings of the roots 

 The pi mt i t 1 i | tl h tall with all roots pos 



sible Ihe 1 tt 1 t ii i or 3 inch lengths and 



<r^> 





^■%yfVtV 



929 Downing Gooseberry 



packed in boxes of earth, which are stored in a cold cel- 

 lar. In spring^he pieces of roots are planted in nursery 

 rows, covered with 2 inches of soil. English varieties 

 are not readily propagated by this method. When single- 

 stem plants are desired, they should be grown from cut- 

 tings. In order to discourage sprouting tendencies the 

 buds above the roots should be removed— disbudded. 

 Layer plants are best for producing the bush form of 

 plant used almost exclusively in America. 



DU-ecise 



ously by onlj' two plant parasites, mildc 

 The former attacks the English varietii 

 ter is the chief fungous em-iiiv of Amei 



Mildew ' s, /,,,,., -/ .V.,, './-:■.. : ' 



bear of I : t , : i , a ■ - i . . 1 



else. Tl,i- luaau- ana. a,- .a -. l-a.a 



5, while the lat- 



I'au varieties. 



lii^ is the bug- 

 lais done more 

 ihan anything 



- and fruit. It 



This turns to a dirty brown later on. It is a surface- 

 growing parasite, and the web-like covering may be 

 peeled from the fruit in its early stages. The ends of 

 the shoots and younger leaves are attacked first, caus- 

 ing the bush to take on a stunted appearance. Reme- 

 dies for mildew: (1) Sanitary: circulation of air secured 

 by a favorable site, good drainage and proper training. 

 (2) Fungicides: (a) Potassium sulphide, liverof sulphur 

 1 oz. to 2 gals, water. Spray 4 or 5 times, at intervals of 

 G or 8 days, beginning with the unfolding of the leaves. 

 (6) Bordeaux mixture may be used with good results 

 for the first two applications. It stains the fruit when 

 applied after the fruit is half -grown, (c) Dilute copper 

 sulphate, 1 oz. to 15 gals, water, may be used through- 

 out the season. 



Leaf -spot (Septorin Mibis): This disease attacks the 

 leaves only. It produces numerous small brown, irregu- 

 larly shaped spots or patches on the Ivs. This spotting 

 causes a premature dropping of the Ivs., often liefore 

 the fruit is fully developed. Remedy: Spray early in 

 the season, and again after harvesting the fruit, with 

 Bordeaux mixture. 



Injurious Insects. — (1) The imported Currant worm: 

 The larva of a saw-fly attacks the foliage soon after 

 fruit sets. The attack is first made on the lower 

 leaves From this point the worms work upward on 

 the bush, stripping the leaves in their line of march. 

 The worms are exceedingly voracious, and will defoliate 

 a bush in 2 or 3 days. The mature insect is a saw-fly, 

 which deposits its eggs on the under side of the leaf. 

 Usually two broods occur during the season. Treatment: 

 Sprav with arsenical poison early. Bordeaux mixture 

 and Paris green may be used in combination for the 

 early spray. For the later sprays, fresh powdered 

 hellebore, at the rate of 1 lb. to 50 gals, of water, is 

 effective. The grower should not wait for the insect 

 to make its appearance, but should ward off danger as 

 n IS the leaves ai>pear bv spraving with Bordeaux 



I t I ■ .aii.l Pai-i, iria . 11. u'lnMi will adhere to the 



f I aa,l la- ..u 111- s|."t wli.n needed. Other in- 



111 a, 1- ,a, Ma Ian.-,},,, ay fruit worlii (Epoclira 



i I a ...,,, x\ na h liiiria.w s 111 till- green fruit, causing 



It t Irujj. l^aimd) ; Dastruy infested berries. 



■' Currant borer (Psenoccnts supernotatus): The 

 larva of a moth. Eggs are laid near the tip of the cane, 

 down the center of which the larva tunnels. Infested 

 canes are readily detected. They should be cut out and 

 burned San Jos^ scale and four-lined leaf-bug are 

 sometimes injurious. When a plantation is infested by 

 the former it should be thoroughly treated with whale 

 oil soap mixture in winter, diluted kerosene on sunshiny 

 days in spring, or, in bad cases of infestation, it will 

 probably be wisest to root up and destroy the bushes. 

 Kerosene emulsion is used against the four-lined bug 





John Craig. 



GOOSEBERRY, BABBADOES. See Peresltia. 



GOOSEFOOT. V, 



iilar for Chenopodi 



