GORDONIA 



GOEDONIA( after Ja 



man; died 17S0). Ter 



woudy capsul'-. t'iii '. I :> iinrth to 



Mass.. wliilr il,r -lii' : , . .■,.:.. • ! -ill ill Sub- 

 tropical reyiuii-s. TliL', :ill h.i\L . . I- hji:'l-'ihi.- shiniufj 

 foliage, and produi'o their hirye white Hs. even on rather 

 small plants. They grow best in a somewhat moist, 

 peaty or sandy soil. Prop, by seeds, layers or cuttings 

 from half-ripened wood under glass. About 15 species 

 in the S. Atlantic states and subtrop. and trop. Asia. 

 Fls. solitary and axillary toward the end of the branches; 

 sepals and petals 5, rarely more; stamens numerous: 

 capsule 5-celIed, dehiscent with 2 or many usually 

 winged seeds in cri.-h cpII. 



P. J. BeiTkin:nis wrif.s that a large tree in the Bar- 

 tram garden, near I'liila.l.lphia, was long supposed to 

 be the only liviii- spicinieu of G. piibe.icens. All other 

 specimens in cultivation are believed to have been 

 propagated from the Bartram tree, which has lately 

 died. All efforts since 1790 to rediscover this tree in the 

 South have failed. 



A. Foliage deciduous. 



pubSscens, L'H^rit. {G. AUamdJia, Sarg.). Shrub ..i- 



tree, to 30 ft. : Ivs. obovate-oblong, narrowed into a shoii 



iiy:ly serrate, bright green and sliiiiini: 



I1-, turning scarlet in fall, .'-('. in. I'rm: 



"'1. pure white, about :; m, a ri-^: 



"iiMvate, with crenubit^' inar^-ni, r..\, 



■ ^i"i.iilar. Sept,, Oct. iH-..i;:ia. Iiui in.i 



Mine 1790. S.S. 1:22. (i,\V. l', 47. Mn. 



6:201. Uug. 7:107. M.D.G. 1899:25. -One of the few 



trees that Sower in i 



GRAPTAGE 659 



Domingfinsia, Linn. Lvs. usually l%-2 in. long, ellip- 

 tical, glabrate, with blunt, distant serratures ; veins 

 tapering towards the margin : capsule winged, emargi- 

 nate. West Indies. 



GOUMI. 





petio 



follml .L^Ml 



AA. Foliage evergreen. 



Lasiinthus, Ellis. Loblolly Bay Tree, to CO ft., 

 usually shrubby in cult.: lvs. obovate-lanceolate, nar- i^ 

 rowed into a short petiole, crenately dentate, dark green— T^0 

 and shining above, 4-6 in. long: fls. long-pedicelled, ' !,,=< 

 white, 2-2K in. across; petals oblong-obovate ; stamens 

 short: capsule ovate. July, Aug. Va. to Fla. and Miss. 

 S.S. 1:21. B.M. 608. 



anbmala, Sprenc:. Large shrub: lvs. oblanceolate, nar- 

 rowed into a v.iy sliort |K-tiote, entire or serrate, dark 

 green abnvf. ;;-*• in. lun^: lis. almost sessile, creamy 

 white, 2-.'! in. ;e'i-<i-^; I'lttils roundish obovate. Nov. 

 S.China. V..^\. WV.s \a^ l\.},ispora axillaris). B.M. 2047 

 and B.K. 4:349 (as Camellia axillaris). 



G. Javdnica, RoUiss. See Schima Noronhio. 



Alfred Rehder. 



GOKSE. Clex Europmus. 



GOUED. In r.,,:J;it,.l. :. 



Cucurbita (whiih ■ 1 



designate thosi- ;, i 

 shelled, and an- u^i li i.m 

 domestic utensils. Tlir ( 

 Lagenaria, In the nnrthc 

 hard-shelled forms of f'"''! 

 commonly understood wh. 

 The Gourds in the Amer, 

 species as follows: 

 Anaconda, Lagenaria vuh 



Apple-shaped, Cucurbit a 



Pepo. 

 Bicolor, Cucurbita Pepo. 

 Bonnet, I/uffa. 

 Bnttle-shaped, Lagenaria rut- 



< ',ii I 1.1 .!i / r,. fiariavulgaris. 



'I ' '■'in-bita Pepo. 



i; '. / ■ . n'li-ia vulgaris. 



11 itdgehng, ('»(-)/ »iisrftpsace«s. 

 Hercules' Club, Lagenaria 



vulgaris. 

 Mate Gourd, small form of 



Lagenaria vulgaris. 

 Mock Orange, Cucurbita 



name for species of 

 a the term is used to 

 its which are hard- 

 or for the making of 

 lii^tory is probably 

 ■■I States, the small. 



ard 



Onion-shaped, Cucurbita 



Orange, Cucurbita Pepo. 

 Ostrich Egg, Cucumis dip- 



Pear-shaped, €ui'urbita Pepo 

 (Pig. 597). 



Powder Horn, Lagenaria vul- 

 garis. 



Rag, Luffa. 



Serpent or Snake (not Snake 

 Cucumber, which is a Cucu- 

 mis), Lagenaria vulgaris 

 and Trichosanthes. 



Sponge, Luffa. 



Spoon, Lagenaria vulgaris. 



SugarTrouffh, Lagenaria vul- 



L, H, B. 



GRAFTAGE comprises the process and operation of 

 part of one plant into another, with the in- 

 tention that the part shall grow on the foster root, to- 

 gether with all the questions which arise in relation to 

 the practice. It is a comprehensive or generic term, 

 whereas grafting is a specific terra designating merely 

 the operation. The term Graftage (analogue of the 

 French greffage) was proposed by the present writer in 



GOSStPIUM (name used by Pliny, probably from the 

 Arabic). Malv&cew. Cotton (which see). Probably 

 not more than a dozen original species, although more 

 than 100 have been described. The species which have 

 produced the cultivated Cotton are now much confused. 

 Two or three species are in the trade for ornamental 

 purposes : G. Davidaonii, Kellogg, from Lower Califor- 

 nia, a woody plant with handsome yellow but rather 

 small fls. (1 in. lonir). and small erirtlate, mostly entire 

 lvs. G. Stiirtii, F. iMuell. A shrub of several feet, more 

 or less marked with black dots : Ivs. broadly ovate, 

 entire: fls. large, purple, with a dark center. 



L. H. B. 



GOUANIA (Antoine Gouan, 17.33-1821. professor of 

 botany :tt Montpelier, Prance). Tfhnmndrpti'. This ge- 

 nus incltides the "Clmw-^tick " i>f .T:mi.iic;t, a rapid-grow- 

 ing, shrubby vine, witli lilt, iM.iit -li .] lvs,, grown 



suitable for screeiiiiii-' I .1 I ■■ stems are 



chewed in the West IfMii,-. Ti.:!i i.'n-ii.^ are made 

 from the frayed ends and t"otli-]>.>\vcliT from the pul- 

 verized wood. The genus has about .30 species of shrubs, 

 sometimes tall climbers, tendril-bearing : branches 

 long and slender : lvs. alternated, petioLate, penni- 

 nerved. entire or dentate : fls. in clusters, arranged 

 along axillary and terminal, elongated peduncles ; disk 

 5-lobed; style 3-fld: capsule with 3 indehiscent berries. 



Grafting is one of the oldest of the arts of plant-craft. 

 It is probable that the real art of grafting has held more 

 or less as a professional or class secret in the ancient 

 world, for the writers seem to have only the vaguest no- 

 tion of its possibilities and limitations. Vergil writes 

 (Preston's translation) : 



But thou Shalt lend 

 Grafts of rude arbute unto the walnut tree, 

 Shalt bid the unfruitful plane sound apples bear, 

 Chestnuts the beech, the ash blow white with the pe.ir. 

 And, under the elm, the sow on acorns fare. 

 It seems to have been a popular misconception that 

 any kind of plant will grow on any other. Pliny asserts 

 that the art of grafting was taught to man by nature. 

 Birds swallow seeds, and these seeds, falling in "some 

 cleft in the bark of a tree," germinate and make plants. 

 "Hence it is that we see the cherry growing upon the 

 willow, the plane upon the laurel, the laurel upon the 

 cherry, and fruits c.f vtiricms tints and hues all spring- 

 ing from the stina- ti-.r at ..i ." This, of course, is not 



grafting at all, but ibr iniiilaiiting of seeds in earth- 

 filled chinks and .rt.rks, in wlii.-h the plants find a con- 

 genial foothold and soil. But the ancients have left us 

 abundant testimony that genuine grafting was employed 

 with success. Pliny describes a cleft-graft. He gives 

 several precautions: the stock must be "that of a tree 

 suitable for the purpose," and the graft must be "taken 

 from one that is proper for graft inu' : tlic imision or 

 cleft must not be made in a knot; tbc Liali must be 

 from a tree "that is a good Ix-ani. tnal Ir.iai a young 

 shoot;" the graft must not be sliar|..iiirl ..r ]"iinted 

 "while the wind is blowing;" "a graft sliould uot be 

 used that is too full of sap, no, by Hercules! no more 

 than one that is dry and parched;" "it is a point most 



