666 GRAPE 



GKAPE. The Grape is probably the oldest of domes- 

 ticated fruits. It is probable that wine was made from 

 it before the species was brought into cultivation. It 

 seems to have been cultivated at the dawn of history. 

 Its product was certainly no rarity in Noah's time. 



ments finally failed because of the incursio 



black rot. 



Of all countries, North America is richest 



of Vitis (see the article yitis}. These spe< 



from ocean to ocean and from the Briti.sh pc 

 to the tropics. The specie.s wlii.-li lias 

 improved is 17/;, L.:lr„.,.,, ,,r ,' , ',,':, 

 although it ^' ' ', , : , , , ;, - , 



than someot i' 



this species u ' i i 



(Pigs <»i9-yjli 1 1, ^^i 1 1 , li 

 bndized with I ili^ 



(as lu Agawam, Liud 

 ley, Barry, and others of E is Rogers' ^arletles) 

 and with native specK s Alreadj a number ot 

 the popular varieties represent such wide depar 

 tures that they cannot be referred positn elj to 

 any species Of these, Delaware and Isabella 

 are examples The second most important species, 

 in point of iiuelioration, is litis trstn ihs tnim 

 »lii Ii \c I il ot the best -vmi ' i i ' \ 

 I run I I i_ Oj2i The Post I 



/ 1 I a^titah<!, X I / I 



Wi ^ (itlnMst IS one of the m i 

 .lib iiid ulieady has gnen i\ m 



h\biidization See Figs <)5t 

 folia of the South has gneii i 

 and a few less known forms ] 

 cies, there are none which hn i 



of gi eat commercial importance, ilth )Up,h ( oiisid 

 erable has been done in impro\ ing them Some 

 species are practically 



of the best of the 

 untouched , there i 

 great 



vely small 

 de 

 the 



sent day 



Native 



949 The Labrusca 



inifera. 



The Grape of history is the Old World Vitis 

 the "wine-bearing Vitis." probably native to Asia, rue 

 paramount use of the Grape always has been the pro- 

 duction of wine. A subsidiary value is the production 

 of raisins; and another is the production of fruit for 

 the dessert and for culinary uses. Great efforts were 

 made to introduce the cultivation of the European Grape 

 into the American colonies, but the efforts resulted 

 in failure. It was not until the latter part of the pres- 

 ent century that the chief causes of this failure be- 

 came known : the depredations of the phylloxera and 

 mildew,— and even then the causes were discovered 

 largely because these enemies had made incursions into 

 the vineyards of Europe. In the meantime, one or two 

 of the native species of Vitis had been ameliorated, and 

 American viticulture had become established on a 

 unique and indigenous basis, and the fruits are grown 

 to eat rather than to drink. So fully did the early 

 American ventures follow European customs tliat tl e 

 Grapes were usu- 



\ eloped large intert t 

 (trape types of a centn 

 be expected to be vt i 

 varieties Foi an e\t 

 Grape historj , see 1 



Fruits" The Amern i i isvolu 



minous Fifty authoi I n the sub 



lect Yet there IS verj Iml Ml \ Mimgwhich 

 catches the actual spirit ot Anitiuan Grape 

 growing , this fact, together with the intrinsic 

 intricacy and diversity of the subject itselr, 

 „ makes it seem wist to de\ c te ( onsideiable space 



to the Grap.- in lin- (■, r],,,,, ,|k,. 

 While the native 1.1, i _,,,,,,,:,! ,;,ir,linthe 



East, the Old Worl.l i : , n„„ing es- 



tablished on the I'a' )i 1 h I .■■'.. I ../x i-inifera 



has there run wild. 'I i [ i . :unl i.nlilew are not 



native there, and tin ; . i , , ,• suits the species. 



The Pacific coast vm : , , i-.re, is of the Old 



World kind. Wine i : . _ i .imc of the Grape. 



We now know that lli.j ; L) In ii ra ur root-louse can be 

 evaded when the vinifera <irape is grafted on native or 

 resistant stocks, and the mildew can be combated by 

 fungicides. Of late years, therefore, new efforts have 

 been made to grow the wine Grape in the eastern states 

 and m the southern latitudes some of these experiments 

 promised well for a time However so great attention is 

 required in order to produce a satisfactory product as to 



discourige th 

 in th East 

 ( rap in the 



J of vinifera v 

 ifera tM e will ■; 

 alipte 1 onh t j-ir 

 iipected that thej 



ally planted 

 terraced slopes, as 

 they are on the 

 Rhine and about 

 the continental 

 lakes. Even to 

 this day the ter- 

 race ridges can 

 be traced in seme 



y— 



of the 



vated the Giape 

 fifty years and 

 more ago. Those 

 early e^peri- 



950. The Labn 



. type of Grape camp 



